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. 2023 Feb 3;19(1):33.
doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03586-4.

Changes in biomarkers of redox status in serum and saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism

Luis G González Arostegui  1 , Alberto Muñoz Prieto  2 , Luis Pardo Marín  1 , Gregorio García López  1 , Asta Tvarijonaviciute  1 , Jose Joaquín Cerón Madrigal  1 , Camila Peres Rubio  3
Affiliations

Changes in biomarkers of redox status in serum and saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism

Luis G González Arostegui et al. BMC Vet Res. .

Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in dogs, leading to deleterious effects on a dog's life quality. This study aims to evaluate changes in the redox status in canine hypothyroidism. For this purpose, a comprehensive panel of antioxidants and oxidants biomarkers were measured in serum and saliva of 23 dogs with hypothyroidism, 21 dogs with non-thyroidal illness, and 16 healthy dogs. Among the antioxidants, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol, paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in serum and CUPRAC, ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS) and TEAC in saliva. The oxidant biomarkers included were total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum and AOPP and TBARS in saliva.

Results: Results showed a significantly higher TEAC, PON-1, GPx, TOS, POX-Act, and d-ROMs, and a significantly lower AOPP in serum of dogs with hypothyroidism. Meanwhile, significantly lower FRAS and AOPP were observed in saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism. Once salivary concentrations were corrected based on their total protein concentrations, the only analyte showing significant changes was TBARS which was significantly higher in dogs with hypothyroidism.

Conclusions: Our results show that dogs with hypothyroidism present alterations in the redox status in both serum and saliva. This study should be considered a preliminary study and further research addressing these changes should be made using larger populations.

Keywords: Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Dogs; Hypothyroidism; Oxidants; Oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors has any financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Results of antioxidant biomarkers in serum. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP); Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC); thiol, paraoxonase type-1 (PON-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in dogs with hypothyroidism (HT), non-thyroid diseased (NHT) dogs and controls (CT). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups. *P ≤ 0.05
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Results of oxidant biomarkers in serum. Total oxidant status (TOS); peroxide-activity (POX-Act); reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs); advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and AOPP: albumin ratio in dogs with hypothyroidism (HT), non-thyroid diseased (NHT) dogs and controls (CT). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups. *P ≤ 0.05, **P  ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Results of the measurement of antioxidant biomarkers in saliva. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in dogs with hypothyroidism (HT), non-thyroid diseased (NHT) dogs and controls (CT). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups. *P ≤ 0.05, **P  ≤ 0.01
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Ratio between the salivary antioxidants results and salivary protein concentration. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in dogs with hypothyroidism (HT), non-thyroid diseased (NHT) dogs and controls (CT)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Results of oxidant biomarkers in saliva. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in dogs with hypothyroidism (HT), non-thyroid diseased (NHT) dogs, and controls (CT). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups. *P ≤ 0.05
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Ratio between the salivary antioxidants results and salivary protein or microalbumin concentration. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in dogs with hypothyroidism (HT), non-thyroid diseased (NHT) dogs, and controls (CT). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups. *P ≤ 0.05
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