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. 2023 Feb;13(2):68.
doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03463-9. Epub 2023 Jan 30.

Genomic insight into the environmental adaptations and toxigenic features of endophytic Bacillus cereus CaB1 isolated from Capsicum annuum L

S Sreejith  1 , Merin Paul  2 , S Bichu Mol  2 , C G Induja  2 , Cimmya S Baby  3 , Ankita Kumari  4 , Roli Budhwar  4 , Shijulal Nelson Sathi  5 , E K Radhakrishnan  1
Affiliations

Genomic insight into the environmental adaptations and toxigenic features of endophytic Bacillus cereus CaB1 isolated from Capsicum annuum L

S Sreejith et al. 3 Biotech. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

In the study, a previously isolated plant beneficial endophytic B. cereus CaB1 was selected for the detailed analysis by whole-genome sequencing. The WGS has generated a total of 1.9 GB high-quality data which was assembled into a 5,257,162 bp genome with G + C content of 35.2%. Interestingly, CaB1 genome was identified to have 40 genes with plant beneficial functions by bioinformatic analysis. At the same time, it also showed the presence of various virulence factors except the diarrhoeal toxin, cereulide. Upon comparative analysis of CaB1 with other B. cereus strains, it was found to have random distributions of virulence and plant growth promoting traits. The core genome phylogenetic analysis of the Bacillus cereus strains further showed the close relation of plant associated strains with isolates from spoiled food products. The observed genome flexibility of B. cereus thus indicates its ability to make use of diverse hosts, which can result either in beneficial or harmful effects.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03463-9.

Keywords: B. cereus; Endophyte; Pathogen; Plant growth promoting; Whole genome sequencing.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThis is to declare that the authors have no conflict of interest on this research work.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of plant growth promoting genes and virulence genes in B. cereus CaB1 genome based on the RAST annotation. Red dots with negative represent the virulence genes and green dots with positive value represent the plant growth promoting genes
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Heatmap showing the ANI values of Bacillus spp.  Here, B. cereus CaB1 shows close similarity with B. cereus C1L (98.57%) isolated from rhizosphere
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Core genome phylogenetic tree constructed using parsnp showing clustering of B. cereus strains isolated from different sources
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Coulson Plot Showing comparative evaluation of Presence and absence pattern of Virulence genes (Supplementary file 1) in selected 37 genomes of Bacillus cereus
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Coulson Plot Showing comparative evaluation of Presence and absence pattern of endophytic colonisation, survival and plant growth promoting genes (supplementary file 2) in selected 37 genomes of Bacillus cereus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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