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Review
. 2023 Jan 19:14:1094411.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1094411. eCollection 2023.

Altered regulation of flowering expands growth ranges and maximizes yields in major crops

Fan Wang  1 , Shichen Li  1 , Fanjiang Kong  1 , Xiaoya Lin  1 , Sijia Lu  1
Affiliations
Review

Altered regulation of flowering expands growth ranges and maximizes yields in major crops

Fan Wang et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Flowering time influences reproductive success in plants and has a significant impact on yield in grain crops. Flowering time is regulated by a variety of environmental factors, with daylength often playing an important role. Crops can be categorized into different types according to their photoperiod requirements for flowering. For instance, long-day crops include wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and pea (Pisum sativum), while short-day crops include rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), and maize (Zea mays). Understanding the molecular regulation of flowering and genotypic variation therein is important for molecular breeding and crop improvement. This paper reviews the regulation of flowering in different crop species with a particular focus on how photoperiod-related genes facilitate adaptation to local environments.

Keywords: crops; flowering; long day; regional adaptation; short day.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Domestication centers and hypothetical dissemination routes of major crops. Black arrows indicate the expansion scenario of wheat (Gohar et al., 2022), barley (Lister et al., 2018), pea (Jing et al., 2010), rice (Gutaker et al., 2020), soybean (Kihara, 1969; Hymowitz and Shurtleff, 2005; Stacey, 2008; Sedivy et al., 2017) and maize (Wang et al., 2021).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Model of flowering time control pathways in major LD crops. The different external and internal cues are highlighted in different colors. Positive and negative regulatory actions are indicated by arrows and lines with bares, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Model of flowering time control pathways in major SD crops. The different external and internal cues are highlighted in different colors. Positive and negative regulatory actions are indicated by arrows and lines with bares, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The putative model of flowering regulatory module in LD crops and SD crops. Positive and negative regulatory actions are indicated by arrows and lines with bares, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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