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Review
. 2023 Jan 10:9:1085339.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1085339. eCollection 2022.

Trained immunity as a possible newcomer in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases pathophysiology

Anne-Sophie Beignon  1 , Caroline Galeotti  2 , Mickael M Menager  1 , Adrien Schvartz  2
Affiliations
Review

Trained immunity as a possible newcomer in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases pathophysiology

Anne-Sophie Beignon et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Autoimmune disorders have been well characterized over the years and many pathways-but not all of them-have been found to explain their pathophysiology. Autoinflammatory disorders, on the other hand, are still hiding most of their molecular and cellular mechanisms. During the past few years, a newcomer has challenged the idea that only adaptive immunity could display memory response. Trained immunity is defined by innate immune responses that are faster and stronger to a second stimulus than to the first one, being the same or not. In response to the trained immunity inducer, and through metabolic and epigenetic changes of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow that are transmitted to their cellular progeny (peripheral trained immunity), or directly of tissue-resident cells (local innate immunity), innate cells responsiveness and functions upon stimulation are improved in the long-term. Innate immunity can be beneficial, but it could also be detrimental when maladaptive. Here, we discuss how trained immunity could contribute to the physiopathology of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

Keywords: autoimmune disease; autoinflammatory diseases; innate immunity; pathophysiology; trained immunity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Basic representation of trained immunity.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Proposed model for the involvement of trained immunity in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. HSPC, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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