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. 2023 Jan 19:14:1108398.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108398. eCollection 2023.

Dose of sucrose affects the efficacy of Qiweibaizhu powder on antibiotic-associated diarrhea: Association with intestinal mucosal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, IL-17, and MUC2

Cuiru Li  1 , Nenqun Xiao  2 , Na Deng  1 , Dandan Li  1 , Zhoujin Tan  1 , Maijiao Peng  2
Affiliations

Dose of sucrose affects the efficacy of Qiweibaizhu powder on antibiotic-associated diarrhea: Association with intestinal mucosal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, IL-17, and MUC2

Cuiru Li et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the poor taste of Qiweibaizhu powder (QWBZP), patients have difficulty taking medicine, which leads to poor compliance and limits clinical use to a certain extent. In the trend of restricting sugar intake, sweeteners have gained massive popularity, among which sucrose is a commonly used sweetener in preparations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sucrose dose addition with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) by intervened QWBZP on intestinal mucosal microbiota.

Methods: Thirty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming (KM) male mice were randomly divided into normal group (N), natural recovery group (M), QWBZP group (Q), low dose sucrose group (LQ), medium dose sucrose group (MQ), and high dose sucrose group (HQ). Subsequently, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and GC-MS techniques were used to analyze the intestinal mucosal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) in intestinal contents, respectively, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine mucin 2 (MUC2) and interleukin 17 (IL-17).

Results: Compared with the Q group, the results showed that with the increase of sucrose dose, the intestinal microbial structure of mice was significantly altered, and the intestinal microbial diversity was elevated, with the poor restoration of the intestinal biological barrier, decreased content of SCFAs, high expression of inflammatory factor IL-17 and decreased content of mucosal protective factor MUC2. In conclusion, we found that the addition of sucrose had an effect on the efficacy of the AAD intervented by QWBZP, which was less effective than QWBZP, showing a certain dose-response relationship. In this experiment, it was concluded that the addition of sucrose might also further lead to intestinal inflammation and the disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and the production of metabolites SCFAs.

Discussion: The addition of sucrose might also further lead to intestinal inflammation and the disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and the production of metabolites SCFAs. However, these findings still need to be verified in a more extensive study. The effect of adding the sweetener sucrose on the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in treating diseases also still needs more research.

Keywords: Qiweibaizhu powder; antibiotic-associated diarrhea; intestinal mucosal microbiota; short-chain fatty acids; sucrose.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Experimental flow chart.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Effect of antibiotic modeling on normal mice and different sucrose dose on mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) intervened by Qiweibaizhu powder (QWBZP). (A) Fecal water content; (B) Weight gain rate; (C) Liver index; (D) Spleen index; (E) Thymus index.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effect of different sucrose dose on the fecal microbial activity (A), IL-17 content (B), mucin 2 (MUC2) content (C), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (D–J) of mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) intervened by Qiweibaizhu powder (QWBZP). *p < 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Effect of different sucrose dose on the alpha diversity and beta diversity of mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) intervened by Qiweibaizhu powder (QWBZP). (A) Rarefaction curve; (B) Shannon–Wiener curve; (C) Coverage index; (D) ACE index; (E) Chao1 index; (F) Simpson index; (G) Shannon index; (H) Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) analysis; (I) Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Effect of different sucrose dose on the intestinal mucosal microbiota structure of mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) intervened by Qiweibaizhu powder (QWBZP). (A) Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) number; (B) Interactive Yujue diagram; (C) Histogram of relative abundance at the phylum level; (D) Chord diagram of the phylum level; (E) Pie chart of the phylum level; (F) Histogram of relative abundance at the genus level; (G) Chord diagram of the genus level; (H) Multi-species comparison at the genus level.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Effect of different sucrose dose on the characteristic of intestinal mucosal microbiota in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) mice intervened by Qiweibaizhu powder (QWBZP). (A) N group and M group; (B) M group and Q group; (C) M group and LQ group; (D) M group and MQ group; (E) M group and HQ group.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
PICRUst-based examination of intestinal mucosal microbiota; (A) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional categories (levels 1 and 2). (B) Metabolic histogram (levels 2 and 3). (C) Comparisons between the groups for each KEGG functional categories (level 3).
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
ROC curve analysis: (A) N group and M group; (B) M group and Q group; (C) M group and LQ group; (D) M group and MQ group; (E) M group and HQ group; Correlation analysis between characteristic genera: (F) N group and M group; (G) M group and Q group; (H) M group and LQ group; (I) M group and MQ group; (J) M group and HQ group; Correlation analysis between characteristic genera, IL-17, MUC2 and SCFAs: (K) N group and M group; (L) M group and Q group; (M) M group and LQ group; (N) M group and MQ group; (O) M group and HQ group. The legend shows the correlation coefficient values. Red represents positive correlation, blue represents negative correlation, and the gradient of color indicates the strength of correlation. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.
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