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. 2024 Feb;36(1):454-466.
doi: 10.1017/S0954579422001328. Epub 2023 Feb 6.

Pathways to substance use: Examining conduct problems and parenting behaviors from preschool to adolescence

Megan M Hare  1 , Elisa M Trucco  1 , Samuel W Hawes  1 , Michelle Villar  1 , Robert A Zucker  2
Affiliations

Pathways to substance use: Examining conduct problems and parenting behaviors from preschool to adolescence

Megan M Hare et al. Dev Psychopathol. 2024 Feb.

Abstract

While many studies have identified risk and protective factors of substance use (SU), few have assessed the reciprocal associations of child conduct problems (CP) and parenting practices and behaviors in the prediction of SU across development. A greater understanding of how these factors relate over time is needed to improve the timing of targeted prevention efforts. This study examined how child CP, parenting behaviors, and parents' own antisocial behavior relate from preschool to adolescence and eventuate in SU. Participants included 706 youth (70.6% male; 89.7% white) enrolled in the Michigan Longitudinal Study. Data from waves 1 (ages 3-5), 2 (ages 6-8), 3 (ages 9-11), 4 (ages 12-14), and 5 (ages 15-17) were included. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) examined reciprocal associations between parenting practices, parents' antisocial behavior, and child CP over time (waves 1-4) and how these factors contribute to adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use (wave 5). At the within-person level, negative parenting and parents' own antisocial behavior had a strong influence in late childhood/early adolescence. Only child CP emerged as a significant predictor of SU. Results highlight the importance of early intervention and the potential influence of parenting and child factors throughout development in the prevention of SU.

Keywords: antisocial behavior; conduct problems; parenting; substance use.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest. None.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Bidirectional associations of positive parenting, negative parenting, parent antisocial behavior, and child conduct problems in the prediction of substance use. Figure shows significant associations. Within-time correlations were estimated but not shown in the figure for parsimony. Between-person effects are also not presented in figure (see Table 3). *p< .05, **p<.01, ***p<.001. Anti = parent antisocial behavior; Neg = negative parenting; Pos = positive parenting; CP = conduct problems.
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