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. 2023 Feb 7;23(1):92.
doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04580-8.

Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian population

Hamid Sharif Nia  1 , Long She  2 , Erika Sivarajan Froelicher  3 , João Marôco  4 , Mozhgan Moshtagh  5 , Sima Hejazi  6
Affiliations

Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian population

Hamid Sharif Nia et al. BMC Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Background: The resilience construct is considered a personal trait composed of multiple aspects. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a standard tool composed of five factors and 25 items. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of this scale.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after the scale translation, the factorial structural validity was assessed via the confirmatory factor analysis with 70 180 samples. Internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity were assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, maximum reliability, and Average Variance Extracted. The discriminant validity was assessed using Heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations matrix and also, measure invariance was evaluated.

Results: The original five-factor model had good model fit indices but due to low factor loading of item 2 and 20, the model was modified. The Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability for four factors were above 0.7 (except for factor 5). The convergent validity for all five factors were achieved. Between factors 1 with 2 and 4, 2 with 3 and 4 discriminant validity was not established (correlations > 0.9) and the results suggested that there might be a second-order latent construct behind these factors. Therefore, a second-order assessment was performed. The results of the second-order latent construct assessment showed a good goodness-of fit and strong measurement invariance for both men and women.

Conclusion: The 23-item version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a reliable and valid scale to measure resilience as a complex construct in the Iran context.

Keywords: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; Iran; Psychological resilience; Psychometric; Questionnaire design.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for first-order model (n = 70 108)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for second-order model (n = 70 108)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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