METTL3 stabilization by PIN1 promotes breast tumorigenesis via enhanced m6A-dependent translation

Abstract

Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is the catalytic subunit of the N⁶-adenosine methyltransferase complex responsible for N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification of mRNA in mammalian cells. Although METTL3 expression is increased in several cancers, the regulatory mechanisms are unclear. We explored the regulatory roles of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) in METTL3 stability and m⁶A modification of mRNA. PIN1 interacted with METTL3 and prevented its ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal and lysosomal degradation. It stabilized METTL3, which increased the m⁶A modification of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA, resulting in their efficient translation. PIN1 knockout altered the distribution of TAZ and EGFR mRNA from polysomes into monosomes. Inhibition of MEK1/2 kinases and PIN1 destabilized METTL3, which impeded breast cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phases. METTL3 knockout reduced PIN1 overexpression-induced colony formation in MCF7 cells and enhanced tumor growth in 4T1 cells in an orthotopic mouse model. In clinical settings, METTL3 expression significantly increased with tumor progression and was positively correlated with PIN1 expression in breast cancer tissues. Thus, PIN1 plays a regulatory role in mRNA translation, and the PIN1/METTL3 axis may be an alternative therapeutic target in breast cancer.