Level of Patient Safety Culture Awareness Among Healthcare Workers

Abstract

Background: Patient safety is a major concern at all levels of the healthcare system, with the primary objective of reducing patient hazards when providing care. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has made great progress in improving the health of its citizens over the last few decades, particularly in terms of patient safety. Currently, many health-care institutions throughout the world are interested in implementing a safety culture to lower the risk of harm and the number of accidents associated with routine treatment.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the level of awareness concerning patient safety culture among health-care providers in hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study that used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's patient safety culture questionnaire. The survey was conducted online and was completed by 204 health-care employees from three distinct hospital settings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: government, quasi-government, and private hospitals.

Results: The results showed a low level of patient safety culture awareness among health-care workers in the 10 dimensions of patient safety. The mean score was 2.24 out of 5 and the standard deviation was 0.50. Participants assigned the highest mean scores to Organisational Learning and Continuous Improvement (Mean: 2.48, Standard deviation: 0.66), Communication About Error (Mean: 2.44, Standard deviation: 0.70), and Teamwork (Mean: 2.40, Standard deviation: 0.64). Interestingly, the scores for hospital supervisor and managerial positions are significant compared to other clinical positions (p-value = 0.047). Moreover, the patient safety rating and the number of reported events were significantly related to the overall level of awareness (p-value <0.001), (p-value = 0.042), respectively.

Conclusion: In Riyadh hospitals, overall patient safety awareness is low, necessitating adequate attention and effective solutions such as encouraging reporting errors, implementing safety huddles and leadership walkarounds, and establishing a patient safety culture. Health-care executives and managers are encouraged to develop safety cultures that promote trust and justice, allowing employees to be candid about their mistakes and failings without retaliation. Moreover, this safety culture should be defined by the following qualities: a just culture, a learning culture, and a reporting culture.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia; awareness among healthcare; hospital; patient safety culture.