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. 2022 Dec 22;17(1):27-44.
doi: 10.21010/Ajidv17i1.3. eCollection 2023.

IN VITRO AND IN SILICO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SYZGIUM AROMATICUM ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN

Obuotor Tolulope Mobolaji  1 , Adeyanju Folasade Oluwademilade  1 , Kolawole Amos Oyebisi  1 , Idowu Gbohunmi Paul  1 , Oluwamuyiwa Fesobi Andrew  1 , Afolabi Felix Olaide  1
Affiliations

IN VITRO AND IN SILICO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SYZGIUM AROMATICUM ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN

Obuotor Tolulope Mobolaji et al. Afr J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the efficacy of the essential oil (EO) of Syzgium aromaticum L. (clove) on the bacteria associated with otitis media.

Materials and methods: Ear swab samples were collected and bacteria isolated were identified using morphological and biochemical procedures. Essential oil was extracted from the dried flower buds using the hydro-distillation method while physicochemical and phytochemical analysis was done on the oil. Antibiotic susceptibility test and agar well diffusion was used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to the EO. In - silico analysis was conducted to determine the drugable compound in the EO.

Results: Phytochemical analysis of the oil indicated the presence of flavonoids, sterols, phenols, carbohydrates and alkaloids. Physicochemical test of the EO exhibited the presence of eugenol (80.98%) as the most abundant phytocompound. Percentage occurrence of the bacterial isolates are as follows; Proteus mirabilis (31.25%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.25%), Proteus vulgaris (3.12%), Moraxella catarrhalis (12.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.12%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.25%). Zones of inhibition were within the range of 11.5±0.71mm-23.0±2.83mm. In silico studies demonstrated that 16 out of 38 compounds identified passed the ADMET analysis. Various compounds had different binding energies, such as linalool, carvacrol for S. aureus (2NOJ), gamma-eudesmol, eudesmol for Proteus mirabilis (6H2L), eucalyptol, gamma-eudesmol and eudesmol for Proteus vulgaris (4MCX) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4HBL).

Conclusion: This study shows the potency of clove EO as an antibacterial agent and its component as potential lead molecules in drug development and design to combat multi - drug resistance.

Keywords: Antibacterial; Clove; Essential oil; In silico; MIC; Otitis media.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Frequency of isolated organisms from ear swab samples
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antibacterial activities exhibited by the essential oil of Clove.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Time kill kinetics of clove essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus (Fig 3a) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Fig 3b).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Nucleotide leakage of cells of Staphylococcus aureus (a) and Klebsiella pneumonia (b).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Rate of protein leakage from Staphylococcus aureus (a) and Klebsiella pneumonia (b)
Figure 6
Figure 6
Graph showing peaks of components of Syzgium aromaticum essential oil.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Molecular docking results of the various proteins of the bacteria isolated from samples and their corresponding performances when docked with compounds identified from CEO (after they passed the ADMET test and synthetic accessibilities verified)
Figure 8
Figure 8
Image showing the interaction of eudesmol and the 4MCX of P. vulgaris.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Image of the interaction of Eudesm-3-en-7-ol and the 4HBL of S. epidermidis.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Image showing the interaction of Linalool and 7BYE of K.Pneumoniae
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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