Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a distinctive clinical syndrome with several causes and clinical manifestations. Aside from an infectious cause, PD is a rapidly developing neurological disorder with a global rise in frequency. Notably, improved knowledge of molecular pathways and the developing novel diagnostic methods may result in better therapy for PD patients. In this regard, the amount of research on ceRNA axes is rising, highlighting the importance of these axes in PD. CeRNAs are transcripts that cross-regulate one another via competition for shared microRNAs (miRNAs). These transcripts may be either coding RNAs (mRNAs) or non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This research used a systematic review to assess validated loops of ceRNA in PD. The Prisma guideline was used to conduct this systematic review, which entailed systematically examining the articles of seven databases. Out of 309 entries, forty articles met all criteria for inclusion and were summarized in the appropriate table. CeRNA axes have been described through one of the shared vital components of the axes, including lncRNAs such as NEAT1, SNHG family, HOTAIR, MALAT1, XIST, circRNAs, and lincRNAs. Understanding the multiple aspects of this regulatory structure may aid in elucidating the unknown causal causes of PD and providing innovative molecular therapeutic targets and medical fields.

Keywords: NEAT1; Parkinson's disease; SNHG; ceRNA; circRNA; lincRNA; lncRNA; miRNA.

Figure 1

Flow chart of search strategy based on PRISMA flow diagram.

Figure 2

A summary of the qualified studies' details. (A) The design of studies. The majority of studies utilized cell culture and animal models (42.5%), and 40% of studies only utilized cell culture in their study design. (B) Percentage of cell lines utilized in the studies. SH-SY5Y (43.75%), SK-N-SH (22.88%), and HEK293 (10.48%) were the most used cell lines in the studies. (C) Percentage of targeted genes involved in ceRNA axes in PD. RAB3IP, SP1, and IRS2 were among the most targeted genes studied in PD's ceRNA axes. However, most of the axes involved novel genes, as provided by the other genes in the figure.

Figure 3

The PPI interaction and GO enrichment analysis of target genes involved in ceRNA axes in PD. (A) The PPI interaction was established using the STRING-DB and includes 29 nodes and 37 edges. (B–D) The GO enrichment of target genes on the verified ceRNA axes. The P-values are used to rank the importance of each group, with the length of each bar indicating the significance level. The order of the bars is based on the p-value. Note that the higher the association with a certain category, the less intense the color of the bars.

Figure 4

Validated ceRNA axes in PD. The red and gray colors of the squares indicate an increase and a decrease in the expression of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and pseudogenes, respectively. This schematic figure shows the importance of the constituent components of ceRNA axes. In addition, this figure shows that the studies around which of these components have been more extensive. NEAT1, the SNHG family, and LINC00943 were among the lncRNAs studied most on these axes. CircRNA, circular RNA; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; miRNA, microRNA.