A survey of ctenid spiders (Araneae, Ctenidae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China

Abstract

Background: Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray, 2001 currently contains 24 species. It is distributed in Australia, India, Indonesia, Laos and Malaysia. This genus has not been found in China. Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 comprises 213 known species. This genus is distributed worldwide. Currently, only two species, Ctenuslishuqiang Jäger, 2012 and Ctenusyaeyamensis Yoshida, 1998 are known to occur in China.

New information: Three new species of ctenid spiders are described from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan Province, China: Amauropelmayunnan sp. nov., Ctenusbanna sp. nov. and Ctenusyulin sp. nov. Amauropelma and Ctenusrobustus Thorell, 1897 are reported from China for the first time.

Keywords: biodiversity; morphology; new record; new species; taxonomy.

Figure 1.

Distribution records of new and newly-recorded ctenid species from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan Province, China. 1. Amauropelmayunnan sp. nov.; 2. Ctenusbanna sp. nov.; 3. C.robustus Thorell, 1897; 4. C.yulin sp. nov.

Figure 2.

Amauropelmayunnan sp. nov., holotype male. A Palp, prolateral view; B Palp, ventral view; C Palp, retrolateral view. C = conductor, E = embolus, PCB = prolateral cymbial bulge, RPA = retrolateral patellar apophysis, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.20 mm (A–C).

Figure 3.

Amauropelmayunnan sp. nov. A Paratype female, epigyne, ventral view; B Paratype female, vulva, dorsal view; C Holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; D Holotype male, habitus, ventral view; E Paratype female, habitus, dorsal view; F Paratype female, habitus, ventral view. ET = epigynal teeth, FD = fertilisation duct, IF = internal fold, SP = spermathecae, SS = slit sensillum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B), 1.00 mm (C–F).

Figure 4.

Ctenusbanna sp. nov., holotype male. A Palp, prolateral view, arrow points at excavation; B Palp, ventral view; C Palp, retrolateral view. C = conductor, E = embolus, RCB = retrolateral cymbial bulge, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.20 mm (A–C).

Figure 5.

Ctenusbanna sp. nov. A Paratype female, epigyne, ventral view; B Paratype female, vulva, dorsal view; C Holotype male, leg III, prolateral view, arrow points at hump; D Holotype male, femur III, ventral view, arrow points at hump; E Holotype male, tibia III + metatarsus III, ventral view; F Holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; G Holotype male, habitus, ventral view; H Paratype female, habitus, dorsal view; I Paratype female, habitus, ventral view. ET = epigynal teeth, FD = fertilisation duct, SP = spermathecae, SS = slit sensillum. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B), 1.00 mm (C–E), 2.00 mm (F–I).

Figure 6.

Ctenusyulin sp. nov., holotype male. A Palp, prolateral view; B Palp, ventral view, arrow 1 points at membranous process, arrow 2 points at protuberance, arrow 3 points at concave; C Palp, retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at protuberance, arrow 2 points at strongly swollen. C = conductor, E = embolus, RCB = retrolateral cymbial bulge, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.20 mm (A–C).

Figure 7.

Ctenusyulin sp. nov. A Paratype female, epigyne, ventral view; B Paratype female, vulva, dorsal view; C Holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; D Holotype male, habitus, ventral view; E Paratype female, habitus, dorsal view; F Paratype female, habitus, ventral view. ET = epigynal teeth, FD = fertilisation duct, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B), 1.00 mm (C–F).