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. 2022 Dec 12:10:e96003.
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.10.e96003. eCollection 2022.

Taxonomic notes on eleven species of the subfamily Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from Asia

Chang Chu  1 , Ying Lu  1 , Shuqiang Li  2 , Zhiyuan Yao  1
Affiliations

Taxonomic notes on eleven species of the subfamily Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from Asia

Chang Chu et al. Biodivers Data J. .

Abstract

Background: The spider family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 has a worldwide distribution with 584 species belonging to 49 genera. Amongst these, 141 species are from Asia, including 130 species assigned to Cteninae Keyserling, 1877.

New information: Nine new species belonging to three genera of Cteninae are reported from Asia: Amauropelmakrabi sp. n. (female; Krabi, Thailand), Am.phangnga sp. n. (male; Phang Nga, Thailand), Am.saraburi sp. n. (male and female; Saraburi, Thailand); Anahitamedog sp. n. (male and female; Tibet, China); Bowieninhbinh sp. n. (male; Ninh Binh, Vietnam) and B.vinhphuc sp. n. (male and female; Vinh Phuc, Vietnam) from the robustus-species group; B.borneo sp. n. (male; Sabah, Malaysia) from the chinagirl-species group; B.engkilili sp. n. (female; Engkilili, Malaysia); B.sabah sp. n. (male and female; Sabah, Malaysia) from the scarymonsters-species group. The male of An.popa Jäger & Minn, 2015 and the female of B.fascination Jäger, 2022 (robustus-species group) are described for the first time. B.fascination Jäger, 2022 is reported from China for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcodes of all the species in this study were obtained, except for B.vinhphuc sp. n.

Keywords: DNA barcode; biodiversity; morphology; new species; tropics and subtropics.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distribution records of ctenid spiders from Asia in this study. 1. Amauropelmakrabi sp. n.; 2. Am.phangnga sp. n.; 3. Am.saraburi sp. n.; 4. Anahitamedog sp. n.; 5. An.popa; 6. Bowiefascination; 7. B.ninhbinh sp. n.; 8. B.vinhphuc sp. n.; 9. B.borneo sp. n.; 10. B.engkilili sp. n.; 11. B.sabah sp. n.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Amauropelmakrabi sp. n., holotype female. a: Epigyne, ventral view, arrow points at pointed apophysis; b: Vulva, dorsal view; c: Habitus, dorsal view; d: Habitus, ventral view. FD = fertilisation duct, IF = internal fold, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b), 1.0 mm (c, d).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Amauropelmakrabi sp. n., holotype female. a: Epigyne, ventral view, arrow points at pointed apophysis; b: Vulva, dorsal view. FD = fertilisation duct, IF = internal fold, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Amauropelmaphangnga sp. n., palp, holotype. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. C = conductor, E = embolus, PCO = prolatero-proximal cymbial outgrowth, RPA = retrolateral patellar apophysis, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (a–c).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Amauropelmaphangnga sp. n., habitus, holotype male. a: Dorsal view; b: Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm (a, b).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Amauropelmasaraburi sp. n., flipped right palp, holotype. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. C = conductor, E = embolus, PCO = prolatero-proximal cymbial outgrowth, RPA = retrolateral patellar apophysis, RPO = retro-proximal cymbial outgrowth, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (a–c).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Amauropelmasaraburi sp. n. a: Paratype female, epigyne, ventral view; b: Same, vulva, dorsal view; c: Holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; d: Same, habitus, ventral view; e: Paratype female, habitus, dorsal view; f: Same, habitus, ventral view. FD = fertilisation duct, IF = internal fold, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b), 1.0 mm (c–f).
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Amauropelmasaraburi sp. n., paratype female. a: Epigyne, ventral view; b: Vulva, dorsal view. FD = fertilisation duct, IF = internal fold, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b).
Figure 9a.
Figure 9a.
Am.phangnga sp. n., paratype. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
Figure 9b.
Figure 9b.
Am.saraburi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar: 0.02 mm.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Anahitamedog sp. n., palp, holotype. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. DS = distal retrolateral spine, E = embolus, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (a–c).
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Anahitamedog sp. n. a: Paratype female, epigyne, ventral view; b: Same, vulva, dorsal view; c: Holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; d: Same, habitus, ventral view; e: Paratype female, habitus, dorsal view; f: Same, habitus, ventral view. CD = copulatory duct, CO = copulatory opening, FD = fertilisation duct, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b), 1.0 mm (c–f).
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Anahitapopa Jäger & Minn, 2015, palp, male from Sagaing Hill. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. DS = distal retrolateral spine, E = embolus, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (a–c).
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Anahitapopa Jäger & Minn, 2015, male and female from Sagaing Hill. a: Female, epigyne, ventral view; b: Same, vulva, dorsal view; c: Male, habitus, dorsal view; d: Same, habitus, ventral view; e: Female, habitus, dorsal view; f: Same, habitus, ventral view. FD = fertilisation duct, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae, SS = slit sensillum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b), 1.0 mm (c–f).
Figure 14a.
Figure 14a.
An.medog sp. n., holotype. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
Figure 14b.
Figure 14b.
An.popa Jäger & Minn, 2015, male from Sagaing Hill. Scale bar: 0.01 mm.
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
Bowiefascination Jäger, 2022, palp, male from Yunnan. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. C = conductor, E = embolus, RPO = retro-proximal cymbial outgrowth, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (a–c).
Figure 16.
Figure 16.
Bowiefascination Jäger, 2022, male and female from Yunnan. a: Female, epigyne, ventral view; b: Same, vulva, dorsal view; c: Male, habitus, dorsal view; d: Same, habitus, ventral view; e: Female, habitus, dorsal view; f: Same, habitus, ventral view. AB = anterior band of epigynal field, FD = fertilisation duct, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, b), 5.0 mm (c–f).
Figure 17.
Figure 17.
Bowieninhbinh sp. n., palp, holotype. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. C = conductor, E = embolus, RPO = retro-proximal cymbial outgrowth, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (a–c).
Figure 18.
Figure 18.
Bowieninhbinh sp. n., habitus, holotype male. a: Dorsal view; b: Ventral view. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (a, b).
Figure 19.
Figure 19.
Bowievinhphuc sp. n., palp, holotype. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. C = conductor, E = embolus, RPO = retro-proximal cymbial outgrowth, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (a–c).
Figure 20.
Figure 20.
Bowievinhphuc sp. n. a: Paratype female, epigyne, ventral view; b: Same, vulva, dorsal view; c: Holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; d: Same, habitus, ventral view; e: Paratype female, habitus, dorsal view; f: Same, habitus, ventral view. FD = fertilisation duct, HA = humped areas of median plate, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b), 2.0 mm (c–f).
Figure 21.
Figure 21.
Epigyne, posterior view. a: Bowiefascination Jäger, 2022; b: B.vinhphuc sp. n. HA = humped areas of median plate, LT = lateral teeth. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a), 0.1 mm (b).
Figure 22.
Figure 22.
Bowieborneo sp. n., palp, holotype. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. C = conductor, DPO = dorso-proximal outgrowth of cymbium, E = embolus, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (a–c).
Figure 23.
Figure 23.
Bowieborneo sp. n., habitus, holotype male. a: Dorsal view; b: Ventral view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm (a, b).
Figure 24.
Figure 24.
Bowieengkilili sp. n., holotype female. a: Epigyne, ventral view; b: Vulva, dorsal view; c: Habitus, dorsal view; d: Habitus, ventral view. AB = anterior bulge of median plate, FD = fertilisation duct, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b), 2.0 mm (c, d).
Figure 25.
Figure 25.
Bowieengkilili sp. n., epigyne, posterior view. AB = anterior bulge of median plate, LT = lateral teeth. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 26.
Figure 26.
Bowiesabah sp. n., palp, holotype. a: Prolateral view; b: Ventral view; c: Retrolateral view. C = conductor, DPO = dorso-proximal outgrowth of cymbium, E = embolus, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (a–c).
Figure 27.
Figure 27.
Bowiesabah sp. n. a: Paratype female, epigyne, ventral view; b: Same, vulva, dorsal view; c: Holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; d: Same, habitus, ventral view; e: Paratype female, habitus, dorsal view; f: Same, habitus, ventral view. FD = fertilisation duct, LT = lateral teeth, SP = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (a, b), 2.0 mm (c–f).
Figure 28a.
Figure 28a.
B.fascination Jäger, 2022, male from Yunnan, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
Figure 28b.
Figure 28b.
B.ninhbinh sp. n., paratype, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 28c.
Figure 28c.
B.vinhphuc sp. n., paratype, dorsal view, arrow points at seam. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 28d.
Figure 28d.
B.borneo sp. n., holotype, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.02 mm.
Figure 28e.
Figure 28e.
B.sabah sp. n., holotype, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.02 mm.
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