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Review
. 2023 Jan 24:14:1032355.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1032355. eCollection 2023.

Potential targeted therapy based on deep insight into the relationship between the pulmonary microbiota and immune regulation in lung fibrosis

Tao Zhang  1 , Min Zhang  2 , Liqing Yang  3 , Lingyun Gao  4   5   6 , Wei Sun  3   5
Affiliations
Review

Potential targeted therapy based on deep insight into the relationship between the pulmonary microbiota and immune regulation in lung fibrosis

Tao Zhang et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible disease, and its mechanism is unclear. The lung is a vital organ connecting the respiratory tract and the outside world. The changes in lung microbiota affect the progress of lung fibrosis. The latest research showed that lung microbiota differs in healthy people, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and acute exacerbation-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF). How to regulate the lung microbiota and whether the potential regulatory mechanism can become a necessary targeted treatment of IPF are unclear. Some studies showed that immune response and lung microbiota balance and maintain lung homeostasis. However, unbalanced lung homeostasis stimulates the immune response. The subsequent biological effects are closely related to lung fibrosis. Core fucosylation (CF), a significant protein functional modification, affects the lung microbiota. CF regulates immune protein modifications by regulating key inflammatory factors and signaling pathways generated after immune response. The treatment of immune regulation, such as antibiotic treatment, vitamin D supplementation, and exosome micro-RNAs, has achieved an initial effect in clearing the inflammatory storm induced by an immune response. Based on the above, the highlight of this review is clarifying the relationship between pulmonary microbiota and immune regulation and identifying the correlation between the two, the impact on pulmonary fibrosis, and potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords: IPF – idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; immune regulation; lung fibrosis; lung microbiota; microecology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The picture depicted the different pulmonary microbiota in various state of ILD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The picture depicted the core fucosylation regulating macrophage polarization on lung fibrosis pathology.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The picture depicts the core fucosylation regulates ADCC and lymphocyte information transduction about lung fibrosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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