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Review
. 2022 Dec 19:1136:163-174.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1136.89528. eCollection 2022.

Nomenclature of the veins of the fore wings of male scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha)

San-An Wu  1 , Han Xu  1
Affiliations
Review

Nomenclature of the veins of the fore wings of male scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha)

San-An Wu et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

The venation of the fore wings of male scale insects is strongly reduced and the nomenclature used for each vein is inconsistent among taxonomists. This paper reviews the different nomenclatural systems in the wing venation of male scale insects that have been suggested previously and puts forward a new system based mainly on newly found wing venation in males of Qinococcuspodocarpus Wu, 2022 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae).

Keywords: Coccoids; Qinococcidae; Qinococcuspodocarpus; forewing; new nomenclature system; wing veins.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The fore wing of Matsucoccusbisetosus (after Beardsley 1968). Abbreviations: Af, Anal fold; M, Media; R, Radius; Sct, Subcostal thickening.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The fore wing of Ortheziaurticae (after Koteja 1986). Abbreviations: Af, Anal fold; Cu, Cubitus; Ms, Medial sector; Rs, Radial sector; Scr, Subcostal ridge.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The fore wing of Drosicha sp. (after Lambdin 2001). Abbreviations: Cc, Costal complex (Costa + Subcosta); Cu-a, Cutino-anal vein; M, Media; R, Radius; Rs, Radial sector.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The fore wing of Ortheziaurticae (after Shcherbakov 2007). Abbreviations: CuA, Cubitus Anterior; CuP, Cubitus Posterior; M, Media; Pcu+1A, fused Postcubitus and anal first vein; R, Radius; Rs, Radial sector; Sc, Subcosta.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
The fore wing of Weitschatusvysniauskasi (after Koteja 2008). Abbreviations: Alf, Alar fold; afx, anterior flexing patch; Cur, Cubital ridge; pfx, posterior flexing patch; ptst, pterostigma; Rs, Radial sector; Scr, Subcostal ridge.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
The fore wing of Ortheziaurticae (after Franielczyk-Pietyra et al. 2018). Abbreviations: Af, Anal fold; Alf, alar fold of anal lobe; cua in quotes, putative cubitus anterior; ms in quotes, putative media sector; rs in quotes, putative radius sector; Sc+R, fused Subcosta and Radius.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
The fore wing of Qinococcuspodocarpus Wu. Abbreviations: Af, Anal fold; Alf, alar fold; Ct, Costal thickening; CuA, Cubitus Anterior; CuP, Cubitus Posterior; M, Media; M1+2, fusion of the first and second branch of media; M3+4, fusion of the third and fourth branch of media; ptst, pterostigma; R, Radius; Rs, Radius sector; Sc, Subcosta.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Fore wing of Mindarus (after Montagano and Favret 2016). Abbreviations: CuA1, the first branch of cubitus anterior; CuA2, the second branch of cubitus posterior; M, media; R, radius; Rs, radius sector. X-markers in red indicate campaniform sensilla located dorsally, O-markers in green are ventrally located sensilla.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Wing venation of archaeococcoids and neococcoids AMatsucoccusbisetosus (Matsucoccidae) BDrosicha sp. (Monophlebidae) COrtheziaurticae (Ortheziidae) DWeitschatusvysniauskas (Weitschatidae) EPhenacoccusfraxinus (Pseudococcidae) FParthenolecaniumcorni (Coccidae) GAsiacornococcuskaki (Eriococcidae) HDiaspididae sp. Abbreviations: Af, Anal fold; Alf, Alar fold; CuA, Cubitus Anterior; M, Media; ptst, pterostigma; R, Radius; Rs, Radial sector; Sc, Subcosta; Sc+R, fusion of Subcosta and Radius.
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