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. 2022 Sep 2:1119:181-195.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1119.87724. eCollection 2022.

 Pinctadaphuketensis sp. nov. (Bivalvia, Ostreida, Margaritidae), a new pearl oyster species from Phuket, western coast of Thailand

Supannee Somrup  1   2 , Akkarasiri Sangsawang  2 , Nichanun McMillan  2 , Supanida Winitchai  2 , Jitti Inthoncharoen  3 , Shikai Liu  1 , Narongrit Muangmai  2   4
Affiliations

 Pinctadaphuketensis sp. nov. (Bivalvia, Ostreida, Margaritidae), a new pearl oyster species from Phuket, western coast of Thailand

Supannee Somrup et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

A new species of the genus Pinctada is described from samples collected from the east coast of Phuket Island, Thailand in the Andaman Sea. Pinctadaphuketensis sp. nov. is distinguished from other species on both molecular and morphological data. Morphologically, the valves of P.phuketensis are characterized by a slightly developed to undeveloped posterior auricle, a small, narrow slit-like byssal notch, the absence of hinge teeth, and a pale to transparent non-nacreous border, with a few dark brown or red blotches. This new species resembles P.fucata but differs by its smaller size and the absence of hinge teeth. Phylogenetic analyses based on both mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (18S rDNA, ITS1 and ITS2) genes and species delimitation using COI data strongly support that P.phuketensis is a distinct species, which is closely related to Pinctadaalbina and Pinctadanigra.

Keywords: Indian Ocean; mollusk; new species; phylogeny; taxonomy.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Shell of Pinctadaphuketensis sp. nov. from Dok Mai Island, Phuket, Thailand. External and internal views of left and right valves A paratype, KUMF.MOLL.1204 (NMR077) (scale bar: 5 cm) B holotype, KUMF.MOLL.1206 (NMRA079) C paratype, KUMF.MOLL.1205 (NMR078) (scale bar: 4 cm). Abbreviations: LV, left valve; RV, right valve.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Right valve of holotype, KUMF.MOLL.1206 (NMR079), of Pinctadaphuketensis sp. nov., showing shell shape and structures. Abbreviations: ad.m, adductor muscle scar; ant.a, anterior auricle; by.n, byssal notch; hl, hinge line; lig, ligament; na, nacreous; nn.b, non-nacreous border; post.a, posterior auricle; um, umbo.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
External view of the soft body parts of adult Pinctadaphuketensis sp. nov. A and close-up view of overall of byssus B. Scale bars: 4 cm (A); 2 cm (B). Abbreviations: au, auricle; by, byssus; mm, mantle margin; pam, posterior adductor muscle; prm, posterior pedo-byssal retractor muscle; vm, visceral mass.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Maximum likelihood tree (-In L 4923.702) of partial COI sequences. Sequences of Pinctada specimens generated in this study are highlighted in bold. Support values are bootstrap/posterior probabilities. Asterisks indicate bootstrap (ML) value of 100% and posterior probability (BI) value of 1.00. Values < 50% ML bootstrap and < 0.90 posterior probability are not shown. GenBank accession numbers are given in parentheses. After the registration number or species name. Results of three species delimitation methods, namely GMYC model (blue column), bPTP (red column) and ASAP (yellow column), are indicated at the right edge of the tree.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Maximum likelihood tree (-In L 3134.144) of 18S rDNA sequences. Sequences of Pinctada specimens generated in this study are highlighted in bold. Support values are bootstrap/posterior probabilities. Asterisks indicate bootstrap (ML) value of 100% and posterior probability (BI) value of 1.00. Values < 50% ML bootstrap and < 0.90 posterior probability are not shown. GenBank accession numbers are given in parentheses after the registration number or species name.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Maximum likelihood tree (-In L 4787.958) of combined ITS 1 and ITS 2 sequences. Sequences of Pinctada specimens generated in this study are highlighted in bold. Support values are bootstrap/posterior probabilities. Asterisks indicate bootstrap (ML) value of 100% and posterior probability (BI) value of 1.00. Values < 50% ML bootstrap and < 0.90 posterior probability are not shown.
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