New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil

Abstract

The phytophagous scarab genus Macraspis MacLeay (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) is reviewed from the Brazilian Amazon region. Three new species are described and illustrated from the states of Amazonas, Pará, and Rondônia: M.buehrnheimi sp. nov., M.opala sp. nov., and M.phallocardia sp. nov. Two species, Macraspisfernandezi Neita-Moreno and M.oblonga Burmeister, are recorded for the first time in Brazil (new country records). Macraspismaculatacrosarai Soula is a new synonym of Macraspismaculata Burmeister; hence this species no longer includes subspecies. Furthermore, Macraspiscinctaparensis Soula, 2005 is deemed unavailable under the provisions of ICZN Articles 16.4.1 and 16.4.2. An illustrated key to 15 species and subspecies of Macraspis from the Brazilian Amazon enables identification of this speciose leaf chafer genus.

Keywords: Chafers; Neotropical Region; identification; morphology; taxonomy.

Figure 1.

Macraspis spp. (A–O). Lateral and ventral views of pro- and mesothorax of A, BM.morio and D, EM.p.pseudochrysis. Dorsal view of head and anterior portion of pronotum of CM.festiva and FM.c.chloraspis. Anterior view of mesothoracic legs of GM.festivaHM.oblongaIM.p.pseudochrysis and JM.c.chloraspis. Female metatibial spurs of KM.c.chloraspis and LM.phallocardia sp. nov. Anterior view of mesotarsus of MM.p.pseudochrysisNM.c.chloraspis and OM.fernandezi. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2.

Macraspis spp. (A–O). Dorsal view of head of AM.oblongaBM.olivieri and CM.xanthosticta. Lateral view of mesothorax of DM.festivaEM.maculata and FM.c.chloraspis. Female pygidium of GM.oblongaHM.olivieri and IM.morio. Dorsal view of female abdomen of JM.p.pseudochrysis and KM.lepiouffi paratype. Metatarsus of LM.morio and OM.olivieri. Female last abdominal ventrites of MM.morio and NM.p.pseudochrysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C), 1 mm (D–O).

Figure 3.

Macraspisbuehrnheimi sp. nov. (A–G) and Macraspisfernandezi Neita-Moreno, 2014 (H–J) Macraspisbuehrnheimi sp. nov. A dorsal view of holotype male and B ventral view of holotype male C dorsal view paratype female and D ventral view view paratype female E–F aedeagus of holotype (E dorsal F caudal G lateral views). Macraspisfernandezi Neita-Moreno, 2014 from Caracaraí, Roraima state, Brazil (new country record) H aedeagus dorsal view I aedeagus caudal view and J aedeagus lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–D); 0.5 mm (E, G, H, J); 0.2 mm (F, I).

Figure 4.

Comparison of male endophalli of Macraspisbuehrnheimi sp. nov. and Macraspisfernandezi Neita-Moreno, 2014. Macraspisbuehrnheimi sp. nov. (A–D) in A dorsal B lateral and D lateral views, with C detail showing lateral sclerite. Macraspisfernandezi Neita-Moreno, 2014 (E–H) in E dorsal F lateral and H ventral views, with G detail showing lateral sclerite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 5.

Comparison of female external genitalia of Macraspisbuehrnheimi sp. nov. (A–C) and Macraspisphallocardia sp. nov (D–G). Macraspisbuehrnheimi sp. nov. in A ventral B lateral and C dorsal views. Macraspisphallocardia sp. nov. in D ventral E lateral and F dorsal views. Abbreviations: dgx = distal gonocoxite; pgx = proximal gonocoxite; pct = proctiger; ppt = paraproct. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

Figure 6.

Neotype male of Cetonialateralis Olivier, 1789 (=Macraspislateralis (Olivier)): A dorsal view B labels C aedeagus in frontal view D aedeagus in lateral view. A, B from MNHN website http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/ec/ec1215, accessed on 2022-07-23; C, D provided by Jhon César Neita-Moreno.

Figure 7.

Holotype female of Cetoniavirens Fabricius, 1801 (=Macraspislateralis (Olivier)): A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view D head and pronotum in dorsal view E labels. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 8.

Macraspismaculata Burmeister, 1844, lectotype male (A–D) A dorsal view B ventral view C aedeagus D lectotype label. M.maculatacrosarai Soula, 1998, holotype male (E–H) E dorsal view F ventral view G aedeagus H labels.

Figure 9.

Macraspisopala sp. nov. (A–H) and Macraspismaculata Burmeister (I–M): Macraspisopala sp. nov., holotype male A dorsal view B ventral view C pygidium in caudal view D spiculum gastrale E aedeagus, dorsal view F aedeagus, caudal view G lateral view, paramera (of paratype) and H caudal view. Macraspismaculata Burmeister, 1844 from Linhares, Espírito Santo state, Brazil, I spiculum gastrale J aedeagus in dorsal view K caudal view and L lateral view M pygidium in caudal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, M); 0.5 mm (E, G, J, L); 0.2 mm (F, H, K).

Figure 10.

Macraspisphallocardia sp. nov. (A–G) and Macraspislateralis (Olivier, 1789) (H–J). Macraspisphallocardia sp. nov. A holotype male dorsal view B holotype male ventral view C paratype female dorsal view D paratype female ventral view E–G aedeagus of holotype in E dorsal view F caudal view G lateral view. Macraspislateralis (Olivier, 1789) from Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil H aedeagus in dorsal view I caudal view J lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–D); 0.5 mm (E, G, H, J); 0.2 mm (F, I).

Figure 11.

Comparison of male endophalli of Macraspislateralis (Olivier, 1789) (A–D) and Macraspisphallocardia sp. nov. (E–H): Macraspislateralis (Olivier, 1789) in A dorsal view B lateral view D lateral view and C showing detail of lateral sclerite. Macraspisphallocardia sp. nov. in E dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view and G showing detail of lateral sclerite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, D, E, F, H); 0.2 mm (C, G).

Figure 12.

Distribution of Brazilian species of Macraspis treated in this publication. The Brazilian Amazon biome is colored lime green. Brazilian states are abbreviated as follows: AC = Acre, AM = Amazonas, AP = Amapá, BA = Bahia, ES = Espírito Santo, GO = Goiás, MA = Maranhão, MG = Minas Gerais, MT = Mato Grosso = PA = Piauí, RO = Rondônia, RJ = Rio de Janiero, RR = Roraima, SP = São Paulo, TO = Tocantins.