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Review
. 2023 Dec;30(1):2175925.
doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2175925.

Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants

Ye Liu  1 , Haonan Xu  1 , Na Yan  2 , Zhan Tang  1   3 , Qiao Wang  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants

Ye Liu et al. Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Immune ophthalmopathy is a collection of autoimmune eye diseases. Immunosuppressants are drugs that can inhibit the body's immune response. Considering drug side effects such as hepatorenal toxicity and the unique structure of the eye, incorporating immunosuppressants into ophthalmic nanodrug delivery systems, such as microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, implants, and in situ gels, has the advantages of improving solubility, increasing bioavailability, high eye-target specificity, and reducing side effects. This study reviews recent research and applications of this aspect to provide a reference for the development of an ophthalmic drug delivery system.

Keywords: Immunosuppressant; immune eye disease; nano-delivery system; ophthalmic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Structural formulas of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus. (A) Cyclosporine, molecular weight 1202.61, solubility <10 μg/mL); (B) Tacrolimus (molecular weight 804.02, solubility 5-8 μg/mL); (C) Sirolimus (molecular weight 914.172, solubility 2.6 μg/mL); and (D) Everolimus (molecular weight 958.2, solubility 9.6 μg/mL).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Schematic representation of novel ophthalmic dosage forms. By Figdraw, ID:YUUSAa7ea7.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Immunosuppressant types and formulations.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Schematic diagram of implant preparation: (a) molding method and (b) electrospinning method (Yavuz et al., 2016).Copyright 2016, Drug Delivery.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Self-assembly of MPEP and hydrogel formation in water (Han et al., 2022).Copyright 2022, Bioactive Materials.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Schematic diagram of semifluorinated alkanes (Agarwal et al., 2018).Copyright 2018, International Journal of Pharmaceutics.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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