Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Dec;30(1):2175925.
doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2175925.

Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants

Ye Liu  1 , Haonan Xu  1 , Na Yan  2 , Zhan Tang  1   3 , Qiao Wang  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants

Ye Liu et al. Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Immune ophthalmopathy is a collection of autoimmune eye diseases. Immunosuppressants are drugs that can inhibit the body's immune response. Considering drug side effects such as hepatorenal toxicity and the unique structure of the eye, incorporating immunosuppressants into ophthalmic nanodrug delivery systems, such as microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, implants, and in situ gels, has the advantages of improving solubility, increasing bioavailability, high eye-target specificity, and reducing side effects. This study reviews recent research and applications of this aspect to provide a reference for the development of an ophthalmic drug delivery system.

Keywords: Immunosuppressant; immune eye disease; nano-delivery system; ophthalmic.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Structural formulas of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus. (A) Cyclosporine, molecular weight 1202.61, solubility <10 μg/mL); (B) Tacrolimus (molecular weight 804.02, solubility 5-8 μg/mL); (C) Sirolimus (molecular weight 914.172, solubility 2.6 μg/mL); and (D) Everolimus (molecular weight 958.2, solubility 9.6 μg/mL).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Schematic representation of novel ophthalmic dosage forms. By Figdraw, ID:YUUSAa7ea7.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Immunosuppressant types and formulations.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Schematic diagram of implant preparation: (a) molding method and (b) electrospinning method (Yavuz et al., 2016).Copyright 2016, Drug Delivery.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Self-assembly of MPEP and hydrogel formation in water (Han et al., 2022).Copyright 2022, Bioactive Materials.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Schematic diagram of semifluorinated alkanes (Agarwal et al., 2018).Copyright 2018, International Journal of Pharmaceutics.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Abdelbary G, El-Gendy N. (2008). Niosome-encapsulated gentamicin for ophthalmic controlled delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 9:1–17. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Abdulreda MH, C, Martin A, Gans, et al. (2014). Prolonged Survival of Pancreatic Islet Allografts in the Immune Privileged Anterior Chamber of the Eye. San Francisco, CA: ADA 74th Scientific Sessions.
    1. Agarwal P, Scherer D, Günther B, et al. (2018). Semifluorinated alkane based systems for enhanced corneal penetration of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 538:119–29. - PubMed
    1. Aksungur P, Demirbilek M, Denkbaş EB, et al. (2012). Comparative evaluation of cyclosporine A/HPβCD-incorporated PLGA nanoparticles for development of effective ocular preparations. J Microencapsul 29:605–13. - PubMed
    1. Alvarez-Trabado J, López-García A, Martín-Pastor M, et al. (2018). Sorbitan ester nanoparticles (SENS) as a novel topical ocular drug delivery system: Design, optimization, and in vitro/ex vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 546:20–30. - PubMed