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Review
. 2023 Apr;49(2):589-593.
doi: 10.1007/s00068-023-02230-y. Epub 2023 Feb 10.

Hybrid warfare and counter-terrorism medicine

Derrick Tin #  1   2 , Dennis G Barten #  3 , Fredrik Granholm  4 , Pavlo Kovtonyuk  5 , Frederick M Burkle  6 , Gregory R Ciottone  7
Affiliations
Review

Hybrid warfare and counter-terrorism medicine

Derrick Tin et al. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Introduction: March 9, 2022. An airstrike by Russian forces destroying a maternity hospital in Mariupol, Ukraine. The image of a severely injured pregnant woman covered in blood being stretchered away against the backdrop of destroyed buildings. Mutterings of the use of chemical weapons. This paper is a primer for healthcare personnel and health systems on hybrid warfare and counter-terrorism medicine.

Discussion: While recent events and images arising from conflicts around the world represent a cruel hallmark in today's history, attacks against healthcare facilities and innocent civilians are not new and continue to be perpetrated around the world. In war, the Geneva Convention protects civilians and healthcare institutions from harm but when war crimes are being committed and civilians knowingly targeted, parallels from a healthcare perspective can be drawn with terrorism events. Increasingly, civilian institutions and in particular the healthcare sector, are drawn into such conflicts and understanding the health system impact of hybrid warfare and other asymmetrical attack methods is of great importance.

Conclusion: The field of Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) explores the healthcare impacts of intentional, man-made attacks and much recent research and discussions around this topic are extremely relevant and applicable not just to the ongoing hybrid war in Ukraine, but to today's threat climate all around us.

Keywords: Counter Terrorism Medicine; Disaster medicine; Hybrid warfare; Pre hospital medicine; Ukraine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Comment in

References

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