[Diagnosis and treatment of benign eyelid tumors]

Abstract

Background: Benign tumors of the eyelids are frequent entities. They are often cause for cosmetic concern or can lead to irritation of the ocular surface. The differentiation from premalignant or malignant eyelid tumors is particularly important. In most cases this can be done clinically; however, in some cases histological evaluation is warranted.

Objective: The aim of this article is to characterize the most important benign tumors of the eyelid and to ascertain when a histological examination is necessary. Furthermore, fundamental treatment procedures are discussed.

Methods: This narrative review was prepared based on a selective literature search. The characteristics of some eyelid tumors are underlined with illustrations from clinical cases.

Results: Most benign eyelid tumors are treated because of cosmetic or functional concerns. Some of them, including actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, cutaneous horn, trichofolliculoma, resemble malignant lid tumors or precancerous lesions and are thus excised in oder to obtain a diagnosis. Dermoid cysts can cause complications and congenital melanocytic naevi can exhibit malignant transformation and may need treatment. Inflammatory tumors can be treated conservatively in most cases but might require surgery in certain cases. Systemic associations exist with some of the benign lid tumors and should not be overlooked as they can be crucial for overall patient morbidity.

Conclusion: Benign tumors of the eyelids are frequent and can be found at any age depending on the diagnosis. This article describes the lesions most commonly encountered in the clinical routine and helps at making a plan for further management.

Keywords: Chalazion; Nevus; Papilloma; Seborrheic keratosis; Xanthelasma.