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Review
. 2023 Jan 17;12(3):432.
doi: 10.3390/foods12030432.

Cold-Pressed Oilseed Cakes as Alternative and Sustainable Feed Ingredients: A Review

Slađana Rakita  1 , Bojana Kokić  1 , Michele Manoni  2 , Sharon Mazzoleni  2 , Peng Lin  2 , Alice Luciano  2 , Matteo Ottoboni  2 , Federica Cheli  2   3 , Luciano Pinotti  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Cold-Pressed Oilseed Cakes as Alternative and Sustainable Feed Ingredients: A Review

Slađana Rakita et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Due to the increasing demand for alternative protein feed ingredients, the utilization of oilseed by-products in animal nutrition has been sought as a promising solution to ensure cheap and environmentally sustainable feedstuffs. This review aimed to summarize the nutritional value of six cold-pressed cakes (rapeseed, hempseed, linseed, sunflower seed, camelina seed, and pumpkin seed) and the effects of their inclusion in diet for ruminant, pig, and poultry on nutrient digestibility, growth and productive performance, and quality of the products. The presented results indicated that these unconventional feed ingredients are a good protein and lipid source and have a balanced amino acid and fatty acid profile. However, contradictory results of animal production performances can be found in the literature depending on the cake type and chemical composition, dietary inclusion level, animal category, and trial duration. Due to the substantial amount of essential fatty acid, these cakes can be efficiently used in the production of animal products rich in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the utilization of cakes in pig and poultry nutrition is limited because of the presence of antinutritive factors that can deteriorate feed intake and nutrient utilization.

Keywords: alternative feed ingredient; amino acids; fatty acids; growth performance; nonruminants; nutrient digestibility; ruminants.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Estimation of food waste produced per sub-sectors at the processing stage in Europe (adapted from Rao, Bastand de Boer [4]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The use of protein materials by the animal feed sector in Europe (adapted from FEDIOL [14]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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