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. 2023 Jan 28;12(3):567.
doi: 10.3390/foods12030567.

The Effect of Cyclosporin A on Aspergillus niger and the Possible Mechanisms Involved

Fengming Li  1   2 , Zhencheng Lv  1 , Zhijuan Zhong  1 , Lutian Mao  1 , Lee Suan Chua  3 , Liangxiong Xu  1 , Riming Huang  2
Affiliations

The Effect of Cyclosporin A on Aspergillus niger and the Possible Mechanisms Involved

Fengming Li et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Aspergillus niger is one of the major pathogenic fungi causing postharvest grape decay. The development of antifungal agents is beneficial to reduce the loss of grapes during storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal mechanism of cyclosporin A (CsA). It was indicated that the rot development on grapes caused by A. niger was almost completely inhibited with CsA in vivo at a concentration of 200 mg/L. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes involved in rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis were down-regulated, whereas those related to β-glucosidases and chitinases were up-regulated. The results implied that CsA may disturb rRNA and ribosome formation to obstruct protein synthesis, accelerate chitin and glucan degradation to destruct cell walls, and ultimately reduce postharvest decay caused by A. niger in grapes. This study evaluated the potential of CsA as a grape preservative and provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying the molecular response in A. niger with the treatment of CsA.

Keywords: Aspergillus niger; antifungal; cyclosporins A–C; postharvest grape; transcriptome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of cyclosporins A–C (CsA–C).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The disease control efficacy of control (0.1% ethanol), cyclosporin A (CsA), thiram, imazalil, and bellkute with concentration at 50 mg/L against A. niger on grapes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The inhibition rates of cyclosporin A (CsA) and imazalil at different concentrations on the mycelial growth of A. niger after three days of incubation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scanning electron micrographs of Aspergillus niger cultured on PDB for 3 days. (A–C) Control; (D) treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) at 1 mg/L.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Aspergillus niger (A); bubble chart of cell components (B), biological processes (C), and molecular functions (D) of DEGs in GO enrichment analysis.
Figure 6
Figure 6
KEGG pathway classification of the top 11 differentially expressed genes.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the 36 representative DEGs. Colored nodes represent query proteins and first shell of interactors. Edges represent protein–protein associations.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Validation of DEGs by comparing qRT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis.
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