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Review
. 2023 Jan 21;24(3):2136.
doi: 10.3390/ijms24032136.

Immunopharmacological Activities of Luteolin in Chronic Diseases

Lei Huang  1 , Mi-Yeon Kim  2 , Jae Youl Cho  1
Affiliations
Review

Immunopharmacological Activities of Luteolin in Chronic Diseases

Lei Huang et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Flavonoids have been shown to have anti-oxidative effects, as well as other health benefits (e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions). Luteolin (3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid found in vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs, including celery, broccoli, green pepper, navel oranges, dandelion, peppermint, and rosemary. Luteolin has multiple useful effects, especially in regulating inflammation-related symptoms and diseases. In this paper, we summarize the studies about the immunopharmacological activity of luteolin on anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular, anti-cancerous, and anti-neurodegenerative diseases published since 2018 and available in PubMed or Google Scholar. In this review, we also introduce some additional formulations of luteolin to improve its solubility and bioavailability.

Keywords: bioinformatics analysis; cancer; chronic disease; flavonoid; in vitro; in vivo; luteolin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of luteolin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Various biological activities of luteolin. Various kinds of immunopharmacological activities of luteolin such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor actions have been reported so far.
Figure 3
Figure 3
DEGs related to luteolin-treated model in the GEO dataset. Gene names that were analyzed are listed in each dataset.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of Ccl21c and Csf3 expression in mouse muscle treated with HFD and with HFD plus luteolin. The gene expression of each cytokine/chemokine was analyzed using the GSE209778 dataset. *: p < 0.05 compared to the induction group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of Tnfsf9, Cxcl1, Ifna6, Wnt2, Csf3, Gdf9, and Cxcl5 expression in mouse neural stem cells treated with LPS and with LPS and luteolin. The gene expression of each cytokine/chemokine was analyzed using the GSE181522 dataset. *: p < 0.05 compared to the induction group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of Tnfsf9, Cxcl1, Ifna6, Wnt2, Csf3, Gdf9, and Cxcl5 expression in mouse neural stem cells treated with LPS and with LPS and luteolin. The gene expression of each cytokine/chemokine was analyzed using the GSE181522 dataset. *: p < 0.05 compared to the induction group.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Comparison of Timp1, Ccl8, Ccl12, Ccl6, Ccl7, Ccl9, Ccl2, Pf4, Gdf3, Cxcl14, Il33, Wnt2, Ebi3, Ccl3, Tgfb1, Cxcl12, Ccl11, Cxcl1, Ccl21a, Bmp1, Ccl4, Ccl24, Nampt, Cmtm7, Il18, Areg, Gdf10, Clcf1, Tnfsf13b, Grn, Il7, Ccl21c, Gdf15, Edn1, Kitl, Ifng, Osm, Il1rn, Cxcl10, and Cklf expression in mouse epididymal adipose tissue treated with HFD and with HFD and luteolin. The gene expression of each cytokine/chemokine was analyzed using the GSE111412 dataset. ***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, and *: p < 0.05 compared to the induction group.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin in different diseases. The immunopharmacological effect of luteolin is summarized in terms of different tissues or organs, target molecules, stimulation conditions, and target cytokines/chemokines. Arrows in up: increase, Arrows in down: decrease, ⊥: inhibition.
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