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Review
. 2023 Jan 23;12(3):909.
doi: 10.3390/jcm12030909.

Introducing Machine Perfusion into Routine Clinical Practice for Liver Transplantation in the United States: The Moment Has Finally Come

Kristopher P Croome  1
Affiliations
Review

Introducing Machine Perfusion into Routine Clinical Practice for Liver Transplantation in the United States: The Moment Has Finally Come

Kristopher P Croome. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

While adoption of machine perfusion technologies into clinical practice in the United States has been much slower than in Europe, recent changes in the transplant landscape as well as device availability following FDA approval have paved the way for rapid growth. Machine perfusion may provide one mechanism to maximize the utilization of potential donor liver grafts. Indeed, multiple studies have shown increased organ utilization with the implementation of technologies such as ex-situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), ex-situ hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and in-situ normothermic regional perfusion (NRP). The current review describes the history and development of machine perfusion utilization in the Unites States along with future directions. It also describes the differences in landscape between Europe and the United States and how this has shaped clinical application of these technologies.

Keywords: D-HOPE; DCD; HMP; NMP; NRP; TA-NRP; perfusion; pumping.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Machine Perfusion Platforms Available Commercially or as part of a Clinical Trial in the USA. (A) OCS Liver System (TransMedics); (B) OrganOx Metra System; (C) VitaSmart Liver Machine Perfusion System (Bridge to Life); (D): LifePort Liver Transporter (LLT) System.
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