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Review
. 2023 Jan 18;28(3):985.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28030985.

Glycopolymers for Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications

Ruoyao Mei  1 , Xingyu Heng  2 , Xiaoli Liu  2 , Gaojian Chen  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Glycopolymers for Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications

Ruoyao Mei et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Diseases induced by bacterial and viral infections are common occurrences in our daily life, and the main prevention and treatment strategies are vaccination and taking antibacterial/antiviral drugs. However, vaccines can only be used for specific viral infections, and the abuse of antibacterial/antiviral drugs will create multi-drug-resistant bacteria and viruses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more targeted prevention and treatment methods against bacteria and viruses. Proteins on the surface of bacteria and viruses can specifically bind to sugar, so glycopolymers can be used as potential antibacterial and antiviral drugs. In this review, the research of glycopolymers for bacterial/viral detection/inhibition and antibacterial/antiviral applications in recent years are summarized.

Keywords: antibacterial; antivirus; detection; glycopolymer; inhibition; lectin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FRET−mediated selective screening and imaging of fungi and bacteria. Figure reproduced from ref. [20] with permission.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fluorescence quenching of self−assembled glycopolymers and gold nanoparticles and emission recovery after addition of ConA. Figure reproduced from ref. [22] with permission.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic diagram of the synthesis of a glycopolymer−functionalized resin (Resin−Glc) for capture and quantification of Escherichia coli/ConA. Figure reproduced from ref. [26] with permission.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic diagram of the bactericidal and recognition functions of gold nanoparticle complexes regulated by modifying different polymers. Figure reproduced from ref. [29] with permission.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic diagram of the synthesis of BCPMA−Cl for specific killing of Escherichia coli. Figure reproduced from ref. [31] with permission.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Synthetic route of Fe3O4@TiO2@poly(LacA) hybrid nanoparticles. Figure reproduced from ref. [33] with permission.
Figure 7
Figure 7
High−throughput open polymerization to prepare glycopolymers containing hydrophobic fragments and cations [47].
Figure 8
Figure 8
HM−based glycopolymers for inhibiting bacterial infection are shown in figure. (A) sequestration of free bacteria in the lumen of the gut and (B) disruption of established Escherichia coli−cell interactions. Figure reproduced from ref. [50] with permission.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Binding of hyperbranched glycopolymer to Escherichia coli [51].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Two different polymers are obtained by polymerization using bacteria as living templates: (1) in solution (SP), (2) on the bacterial surface (BP) [52].
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) DC−SIGN−functionalized surfaces were used to evaluate the binding affinity of glycocopolymers; (b) gp120−functionalized surfaces are used for competitive binding studies. (Bottom) Schematic diagram of DC−SIGN and gp120 structure and chemical structure of glycocopolymer. Figure reproduced from ref. [55] with permission.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Sugar clusters, star type glycopolymers and star block type glycopolymers. Figure reproduced from ref. [56] with permission.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Interaction of triazole−based mannose analogues with DC−SIGN cells. Figure reproduced from ref. [53] with permission.
Figure 14
Figure 14
A model of competition between sulfate−like polymers and cellular glycans to inhibit virus invasion. Figure reproduced from ref. [66] with permission.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Chemical structures and schematic procedure for the preparation of the glyco−magbeads. Figure reproduced from ref. [69] with permission.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Construction of a synthetic scheme for multivalent glycopolymer containing SLac part. Figure reproduced from ref. [71] with permission.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Topological design of star polymers with glycounits (left) and hemagglutinin (right). Figure reproduced from ref. [72] with permission.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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