Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jan 21;15(3):572.
doi: 10.3390/nu15030572.

Urinary Risk Profile, Impact of Diet, and Risk of Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Idiopathic Uric Acid Stone Disease

Roswitha Siener  1 , Patricia Löhr  1 , Albrecht Hesse  1
Affiliations

Urinary Risk Profile, Impact of Diet, and Risk of Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Idiopathic Uric Acid Stone Disease

Roswitha Siener et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The role of diet in the pathogenesis of uric acid (UA) nephrolithiasis is incompletely understood. This study investigated the effect of dietary intervention on the risk of UA stone formation under standardized conditions. Twenty patients with idiopathic UA stone disease were included in the study. Dietary intake and 24 h urinary parameters were collected on the usual diet of the patients and a standardized balanced mixed diet. Although urinary UA excretion did not change, the relative supersaturation of UA decreased significantly by 47% under the balanced diet primarily due to the significant increase in urine volume and pH. Urinary pH was below 5.8 in 85% of patients under the usual diet, and in 60% of patients under the balanced diet. The supersaturation of calcium oxalate declined significantly under the balanced diet due to the significant decrease in urinary calcium and oxalate excretion and the increase in urine volume. Dietary intervention is a key component in the management of UA nephrolithiasis. Urinary calcium and oxalate excretion should also be monitored in patients with pure UA calculi to reduce the risk of mixed stone formation with calcium oxalate. Lower urinary pH in UA stone patients can only be partially explained by diet.

Keywords: calcium; diet; kidney stones; nephrolithiasis; obesity; overweight; oxalate; uric acid; urinary pH; urolithiasis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Daudon M., Doré J.-C., Jungers P., Lacour B. Changes in Stone Composition According to Age and Gender of Patients: A Multivariate Epidemiological Approach. Urol. Res. 2004;32:241–247. doi: 10.1007/s00240-004-0421-y. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lieske J.C., Rule A.D., Krambeck A.E., Williams J.C., Bergstralh E.J., Mehta R.A., Moyer T.P. Stone Composition as a Function of Age and Sex. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2014;9:2141–2146. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05660614. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Siener R., Herwig H., Rüdy J., Schaefer R.M., Lossin P., Hesse A. Urinary Stone Composition in Germany: Results from 45,783 Stone Analyses. World J. Urol. 2022;40:1813–1820. doi: 10.1007/s00345-022-04060-w. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Singh P., Enders F.T., Vaughan L.E., Bergstralh E.J., Knoedler J.J., Krambeck A.E., Lieske J.C., Rule A.D. Stone Composition Among First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stone Formers in the Community. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2015;90:1356–1365. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.016. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Li C.-C., Chien T.-M., Wu W.-J., Huang C.-N., Chou Y.-H. Uric Acid Stones Increase the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease. Urolithiasis. 2018;46:543–547. doi: 10.1007/s00240-018-1050-1. - DOI - PubMed

Supplementary concepts