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. 2023 Jan 20;15(3):538.
doi: 10.3390/polym15030538.

Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Loaded with Avenanthramides for Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products

Pei Zhu  1 , Ying Zhang  1 , Dianwei Zhang  2 , Huilin Liu  1 , Baoguo Sun  1   2
Affiliations

Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Loaded with Avenanthramides for Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products

Pei Zhu et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Encapsulating bioactive avenanthramides (AVAs) in carriers to respond to the environmental changes of food thermal processing allows the controlled release of AVAs for the effective inhibition of biohazards. In this study, fluorescent molecular imprinted polymers (FMIPs) loaded with AVAs were prepared by reverse microemulsion. The fluorescent signal was generated by carbon dots (CDs), which were derived from oat bran to determine the load of AVAs. The FMIPs were uniformly spherical in appearance and demonstrated favorable properties, such as thermal stability, protection of AVAs against photodegradation, high encapsulation efficiency, and effective scavenging of free radicals. After consideration of the different kinetics models, the release of AVAs from the FMIPs matched the Weibull model and followed a Fickian diffusion mechanism. The FMIPs exhibited good inhibition of pyrraline in a simulated casein-ribose system and in milk samples, indicating the release of AVAs could inhibit the generation of pyrraline.

Keywords: avenanthramides; molecular imprinted polymers; pyrraline; release; reverse microemulsion.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic diagram of the preparation of FMIPs and its application in the inhibition of AGEs.
Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Optimization of synthetic FMIPs. (B) Energy spectrum spectra of FMIPs. (C) SEM image of FMIPs with a scale bar of 50 nm. (D) TEM image of FMIPs with a scale bar of 100 nm. (E) EDS spectrum of FMIPs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) FT−IR spectrum of FMIPs, FMIPs without AVAs 2f, CDs, and AVAs 2f. (B) XPS spectrum of FMIPs. High-resolution XPS peaks of FMIPs: (C) C1s, (D) O1s, and (E) N1s.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) TGA and (B) DTG curves of FMIPs, FMIPs without AVAs 2f, and CDs, (C) DPPH-scavenging activity of FMIPs, (D) Degradation rates of AVAs 2f and FMIPs under ultraviolet irradiation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) In vitro release profile of AVAs 2f from FMIPs, (B) Weibull kinetic release model, (C) Firet kinetic release model, (D) Higuchi kinetic release model, (E) Zero kinetic release model, and (F) Hixcon−Crowell kinetic release model of FMIPs at 37, 60, and 80 °C.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HPLC of PRL (A) without FMIPs, (B) with FMIPs at 60 °C, and (C) with FMIPs at 80 °C in simulated system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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