A systematic review of K-12 education responses to emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Emergency remote teaching (ERT) has potential for transforming future instruction and learning across the K-12 educational domain. The study presented here evaluated empirical evidence from peer-reviewed literature pertaining to the challenges and opportunities experienced by teachers and students during the implementation of ERT prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. To locate relevant reports and research, the authors explored three databases: Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Based upon predefined selection criteria, they selected 51 studies for thematic and content analysis. Next, they developed a taxonomy which comprised three categories: (1) K-12 education responses to ERT; (2) educational inequality; and (3) learning outcomes. Using this taxonomy, the authors conducted a deep analysis and critical review to highlight multiple challenges and critical gaps in the literature surrounding ERT in K-12 education settings. Their review reveals innovative strategies for overcoming obstacles to technological readiness, online learning adaptation and teachers' and students' physical and mental health. This knowledge will be valuable to policymakers, researchers, practitioners and educational institutions in reducing the adverse effects of catastrophic situations on childhood education in the future.

Keywords: COVID-19; Emergency remote learning (ERL); Emergency remote teaching (ERT); K–12 education; Technology readiness.

Fig. 1

PRISMA flowchart of study selection process

Fig. 2

Geographical distribution of the final sample of 51 studies according to the respective corresponding authors’ location

Fig. 3

Methodologies adopted in the reviewed studies

Fig. 4

Taxonomy of research literature on K–12 education responses to ERT during the COVID-19 pandemic

Fig. 5

Challenges faced by students and teachers during the implementation of ERT.

Fig. 6

Opportunities/strategies for ERT development