. 2023 May;82(5):698-709.

doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223499. Epub 2023 Feb 14.

Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in people with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from the COVID-19 PsoProtect and Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registries

Pedro M Machado^{1

2

3}, Martin Schäfer⁴, Satveer K Mahil⁵, Jean Liew⁶, Laure Gossec^{7

8}, Nick Dand⁹, Alexander Pfeil¹⁰, Anja Strangfeld^{4

11}, Anne Constanze Regierer¹², Bruno Fautrel¹³, Carla Gimena Alonso¹⁴, Carla G S Saad¹⁵, Christopher E M Griffiths^{16

17}, Claudia Lomater¹⁸, Corinne Miceli-Richard^{19

20}, Daniel Wendling²¹, Deshire Alpizar Rodriguez²², Dieter Wiek²³, Elsa F Mateus^{24

25}, Emily Sirotich^{26

27

28}, Enrique R Soriano^{29

30}, Francinne Machado Ribeiro³¹, Felipe Omura³², Frederico Rajão Martins³³, Helena Santos^{34

35}, Jonathan Dau³⁶, Jonathan N Barker³⁷, Jonathan Hausmann^{38

39}, Kimme L Hyrich^{17

40}, Lianne Gensler⁴¹, Ligia Silva⁴², Lindsay Jacobsohn⁴³, Loreto Carmona⁴⁴, Marcelo M Pinheiro⁴⁵, Marcos David Zelaya⁴⁶, María de Los Ángeles Severina^{47

48}, Mark Yates⁴⁹, Maureen Dubreuil⁵⁰, Monique Gore-Massy⁵¹, Nicoletta Romeo⁵², Nigil Haroon^{53

54}, Paul Sufka⁵⁵, Rebecca Grainger⁵⁶, Rebecca Hasseli^{57

58}, Saskia Lawson-Tovey^{17

59}, Suleman Bhana⁶⁰, Thao Pham^{61

62}, Tor Olofsson^{63

64}, Wilson Bautista-Molano^{65

66}, Zachary S Wallace^{67

68}, Zenas Z N Yiu^{17

69}, Jinoos Yazdany⁴³, Philip C Robinson^{70

71}, Catherine H Smith⁵

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK p.machado@ucl.ac.uk.
² National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
³ Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
⁴ Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
⁵ St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
⁶ Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁷ INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France.
⁸ AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France.
⁹ Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
¹⁰ Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
¹¹ Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
¹² Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹³ Rheumatology, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP - HP, Paris, France.
¹⁴ Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
¹⁵ Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁶ Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
¹⁷ National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
¹⁸ Academic Rheumatology Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.
¹⁹ Assistance Publique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux de Paris & Université de Paris, Paris, France.
²⁰ Unité Mixte AP-HP/ Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
²¹ Rheumatology, Franche-Comté University and University Teaching Hospital (CHRU), Besançon, France.
²² Research Unit, Colegio Mexicano de Reumatologia, Mexico City, Mexico.
²³ People with Arthritis and Rheumatism (PARE), EULAR, Zurich, Switzerland.
²⁴ Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), Lisbon, Portugal.
²⁵ European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR), Kilchberg, Switzerland.
²⁶ Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
²⁷ Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
²⁸ Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
²⁹ Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³⁰ Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³¹ Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³² Clínica Omura Medicina Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Brazil.
³³ Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
³⁴ Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
³⁵ EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
³⁶ University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
³⁷ St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
³⁸ Program in Rheumatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁹ Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴⁰ Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
⁴¹ University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
⁴² Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-montes e Alto Douro (CHTMAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
⁴³ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
⁴⁴ Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética (INMUSC), Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁵ Rheumatology, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
⁴⁶ Hospital de Agudos Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁴⁷ Centro Privado de Medicina Nuclear and Clinica Villa Dalcar, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁴⁸ Clinica Villa Dalcar, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁴⁹ Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
⁵⁰ Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵¹ Lupus Foundation of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
⁵² SSD Reumatologia, ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy.
⁵³ Rheumatology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁵⁴ Senior Scientist, Schroder Arthritis Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁵⁵ Healthpartners, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵⁷ Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospitals Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁵⁸ Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁵⁹ Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁶⁰ Pfizer, Inc, New York, New York, USA.
⁶¹ Rheumatology, Aix-Marseille-University, Marseille, France.
⁶² Rheumatology, APHM, Marseille, France.
⁶³ Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
⁶⁴ Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
⁶⁵ Rheumatology Division, University Hospital Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá, Bogota, Colombia.
⁶⁶ School of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁶⁷ Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁶⁸ Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁶⁹ Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁷⁰ School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
⁷¹ Rheumatology, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Metro North Hospital & Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

PMID: 36787993
PMCID: PMC10176347
DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223499

Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in people with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from the COVID-19 PsoProtect and Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registries

Pedro M Machado et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 May.

. 2023 May;82(5):698-709.

doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223499. Epub 2023 Feb 14.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK p.machado@ucl.ac.uk.
² National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
³ Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
⁴ Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
⁵ St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
⁶ Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁷ INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France.
⁸ AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France.
⁹ Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
¹⁰ Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
¹¹ Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
¹² Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹³ Rheumatology, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP - HP, Paris, France.
¹⁴ Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
¹⁵ Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁶ Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
¹⁷ National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
¹⁸ Academic Rheumatology Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.
¹⁹ Assistance Publique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux de Paris & Université de Paris, Paris, France.
²⁰ Unité Mixte AP-HP/ Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
²¹ Rheumatology, Franche-Comté University and University Teaching Hospital (CHRU), Besançon, France.
²² Research Unit, Colegio Mexicano de Reumatologia, Mexico City, Mexico.
²³ People with Arthritis and Rheumatism (PARE), EULAR, Zurich, Switzerland.
²⁴ Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), Lisbon, Portugal.
²⁵ European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR), Kilchberg, Switzerland.
²⁶ Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
²⁷ Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
²⁸ Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
²⁹ Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³⁰ Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³¹ Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³² Clínica Omura Medicina Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Brazil.
³³ Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
³⁴ Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
³⁵ EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
³⁶ University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
³⁷ St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
³⁸ Program in Rheumatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁹ Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴⁰ Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
⁴¹ University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
⁴² Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-montes e Alto Douro (CHTMAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
⁴³ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
⁴⁴ Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética (INMUSC), Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁵ Rheumatology, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
⁴⁶ Hospital de Agudos Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁴⁷ Centro Privado de Medicina Nuclear and Clinica Villa Dalcar, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁴⁸ Clinica Villa Dalcar, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁴⁹ Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
⁵⁰ Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵¹ Lupus Foundation of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
⁵² SSD Reumatologia, ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy.
⁵³ Rheumatology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁵⁴ Senior Scientist, Schroder Arthritis Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁵⁵ Healthpartners, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵⁷ Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospitals Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁵⁸ Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁵⁹ Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁶⁰ Pfizer, Inc, New York, New York, USA.
⁶¹ Rheumatology, Aix-Marseille-University, Marseille, France.
⁶² Rheumatology, APHM, Marseille, France.
⁶³ Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
⁶⁴ Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
⁶⁵ Rheumatology Division, University Hospital Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá, Bogota, Colombia.
⁶⁶ School of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁶⁷ Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁶⁸ Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁶⁹ Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁷⁰ School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
⁷¹ Rheumatology, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Metro North Hospital & Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

PMID: 36787993
PMCID: PMC10176347
DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223499

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate factors associated with severe COVID-19 in people with psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods: Demographic data, clinical characteristics and COVID-19 outcome severity of adults with PsO, PsA and axSpA were obtained from two international physician-reported registries. A three-point ordinal COVID-19 severity scale was defined: no hospitalisation, hospitalisation (and no death) and death. ORs were estimated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression.

Results: Of 5045 cases, 18.3% had PsO, 45.5% PsA and 36.3% axSpA. Most (83.6%) were not hospitalised, 14.6% were hospitalised and 1.8% died. Older age was non-linearly associated with COVID-19 severity. Male sex (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.83), cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, metabolic and cancer comorbidities (ORs 1.25-2.89), moderate/high disease activity and/or glucocorticoid use (ORs 1.39-2.23, vs remission/low disease activity and no glucocorticoids) were associated with increased odds of severe COVID-19. Later pandemic time periods (ORs 0.42-0.52, vs until 15 June 2020), PsO (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.65, vs PsA) and baseline exposure to TNFi, IL17i and IL-23i/IL-12+23i (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.73; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.98; respectively; vs no disease-modifying antirheumatic drug) were associated with reduced odds of severe COVID-19.

Conclusion: Older age, male sex, comorbidity burden, higher disease activity and glucocorticoid intake were associated with more severe COVID-19. Later pandemic time periods, PsO and exposure to TNFi, IL17i and IL-23i/IL-12+23i were associated with less severe COVID-19. These findings will enable risk stratification and inform management decisions for patients with PsO, PsA and axSpA during COVID-19 waves or similar future respiratory pandemics.

Keywords: Arthritis; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Autoimmunity; Covid-19; Spondylitis, Ankylosing.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: PMM has received honoraria from Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, all unrelated to this manuscript, and is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). MS reports a joint, unconditional grant from a consortium of 14 companies supporting the German RABBIT register (AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Hexal, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, Viatris and UCB). SKM reports departmental income from AbbVie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, outside the submitted work. JL has nothing to disclose. LG reports personal consultant fees/honoraria/travelling support from AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Biogen, Celgene, Celltrion, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, and grants from Sandoz and UC, all unrelated to this manuscript. ND has nothing to disclose. AP has nothing to disclose. AS reports a joint, unconditional grant from a consortium of 14 companies supporting the German RABBIT register (AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Hexal, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, Viatris and UCB) and personal fees from lectures for AbbVie, Amgen, Celltrion, MSD, Janssen, Lilly, Roche, BMS and Pfizer, all unrelated to this work. ACR reports a joint, unconditional grant from a consortium of 12 companies supporting the German RABBIT-SpA register (AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Hexal, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Viatris and UCB) and personal fees from lectures for Novartis, Roche, and Pfizer, all unrelated to this work. BF has nothing to disclose. CGA has nothing to disclose. CGSS has nothing to disclose. CEMG reports grants and/or personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Anaptysbio, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Evelo Bioscience, Inmagene, GSK, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, LEO, Lilly, Novartis, ONO Pharmaceutical, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, outside the submitted work. CL has nothing to disclose. CM-R has nothing to disclose. DW has received personal speaker/consultant fees from AbbVie, BMS, MSD, Pfizer, Roche Chugai, Amgen, Nordic Pharma, UCB, Novartis, Janssen, Lilly, Sandoz, Grunenthal, Galapagos. DAR is Scientific Advisor for GSK, unrelated to this work. DW has nothing to disclose. EFM has received personal consultant fees from Boehringer Ingelheim Portugal, Lda; LPCDR received support for specific activities: grants from Abbvie, Novartis, Lilly Portugal, Amgen Biofarmacêutica, Grünenthal S.A., MSD, Medac and from A. Menarini Portugal-Farmacêutica, S.A.; grants and non-financial support from Pfizer, and non-financial support from Grünenthal GmbH, outside the submitted work. ES has nothing to disclose. ESR reports grants/contracts from Novartis, Pfizer, Amgen and Elea, honoraria from Amgen, Abbvie, BMS, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, and UCB, support for attending meetings from Abbvie, Pfizer, UCB, and Janssen, and participation on data safety monitoring board or advisory board from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Amgen, Sandoz and Novartis. FMR has nothing to disclose. FO has nothing to disclose. FRM has nothing to disclose. HS has nothing to disclose. JD has nothing to disclose. JNB reports grants and/or personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Meyers-Squibb, J&J, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung, Sun Pharma, and UCB, outside of the submitted work. JH has nothing to disclose. KLH has received non-personal speaker’s fees from Abbvie and grant income from BMS, UCB, and Pfizer, all unrelated to this manuscript, and is supported by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. LG has received consulting fees and/or research support from Abbvie, Acelyrin, Eli Lilly, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, all unrelated to this manuscript, and research support from UCB. LS has nothing to disclose. LJ has nothing to disclose. LC has not received fees or personal grants from any laboratory, but her institute works by contract for laboratories among other institutions, such as Abbvie Spain, Eisai, Gebro Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme España, S.A., Novartis Farmaceutica, Pfizer, Roche Farma, Sanofi Aventis, Astellas Pharma, Actelion Pharmaceuticals España, Grünenthal GmbH and UCB Pharma. MMP has nothing to disclose. MDZ has nothing to disclose. MdlAS has nothing to disclose. MY has nothing to disclose. MD has nothing to disclose. NG-S has nothing to disclose. NR has nothing to disclose. NH has received consulting fees from Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis and UCB. PS has nothing to disclose. RG has received consulting/speaker’s fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Cornerstones, all unrelated to this manuscript, and travel grants from Pfizer and Janssen. RH reports consulting fees from AbbVie, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Galapagos, Lilly, Mylan, Gilead, Janssen, TAKEDA/Shire, Roche/Chugai, research grant from Pfizer, all unrelated to this manuscript. SL-T has nothing to disclose. SB reports consulting fees from AbbVie, Horizon, Novartis, and Pfizer, and is an employee of Pfizer, Inc. TP reports personal consultant fees from Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Celltrion, Fresenius-Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Nordic, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche-Chugai, Sandoz, Sanofi and UCB, all unrelated to this manuscript. TO reports consultancy fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme, unrelated to the present work. WBM has received personal speaker/consultant fees from AbbVie, Pfizer, Amgen, Novartis, Janssen, Lilly, Biopas. ZSW has nothing to disclose. ZZNY has nothing to disclose. JY is supported by NIH/NIAMS K24 AR07534 and AHRQ R01HS028024. She has received research grants from Gilead, Aurinia, BMS Foundation and Astra Zeneca and performed consultation for Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, and Aurinia. PCR has nothing to disclose. CHS reports grants from AbbVie, Sanofi, Novartis, and Pfizer and through consortia with multiple academic partners (psort.org.uk, BIOMAP-IMI.eu), outside the submitted work; she is a member of the British Association of Dermatologists Guideline committee on biologics in psoriasis.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Relationship between age and probability of hospitalisation (red) and death (blue) estimated by four-knot restricted cubic splines, with 95% CIs (primary model, ordinal outcome, all patients).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in people with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from the COVID-19 PsoProtect and Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registries

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Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in people with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from the COVID-19 PsoProtect and Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registries

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