Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus: botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control

Abstract

Euodiae Fructus, referred to as "Wuzhuyu" in Chinese, has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions, especially in China, Japan and Korea, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headache, emesis, aphtha, dermatophytosis, dysentery, etc. Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed. Recently, interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, etc. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control, and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.

Keywords: Euodiae Fructus; Pharmacology; Phytochemistry; Toxicology; Traditional uses.

Fig. 1

Multiple pharmacological effects of Euodiae Fructus

Fig. 2

Indole alkaloids isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig. 3

Quinoline alkaloids isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig. 4

Other alkaloids isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig. 5

Limonoids isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig. 6

Other terpenoids isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig.7

Steroids isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig. 8

Flavonoids isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig.9

Other phenols isolated from Euodiae Fructus

Fig.10

Other compounds isolated from Euodiae Fructus