Diabetes, Ramadan, and driving - Ensuring patient safety while respecting religious autonomy: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background and aims: Hypoglycaemia due to fasting during Ramadan may affect the ability to perform complex activities among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but it is unclear how this affects one's ability to drive. This study aims to explore driving experiences and coping strategies to ensure safe driving among people with T2D who fast during Ramadan.

Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study and purposefully selected people with T2D who drove and fasted during the past Ramadan period in 2019. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed thematically using a constant comparative method until saturation was achieved (n = 16).

Results: Two major themes were identified, namely: (1) knowing oneself and (2) voluntary self-restriction. Participants described the importance of understanding how Ramadan fasting affected them and their level of alertness. As such, participants often adjusted their daily activities and tested their blood glucose levels to prevent experiencing hypoglycaemia. Other coping strategies reported include adjusting their medications and driving restrictions or driving in the mornings when they were more alert. Findings from this study shed light on participants' experiences and coping mechanisms while driving during Ramadan.

Conclusion: Given the risks and effects of hypoglycaemia among those who fast, there is a need to provide appropriate and focused patient education during Ramadan to people with T2D to ensure they can perform complex activities such as driving safely, especially in Muslim majority countries.

Keywords: Driving; Fasting; Hypoglycaemia; Ramadan; Self-regulation.