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. 2023 Feb 1;18(1):173-187.
doi: 10.26603/001c.68075. eCollection 2023.

Effectiveness of Spinal Stabilization Exercises on Dynamic Balance in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain

Yousef M Alshehre  1 , Khalid Alkhathami  2 , Kelli Brizzolara  3 , Mark Weber  3 , Sharon Wang-Price  3
Affiliations

Effectiveness of Spinal Stabilization Exercises on Dynamic Balance in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain

Yousef M Alshehre et al. Int J Sports Phys Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Dynamic balance is a vital aspect of everyday life. It is important to incorporate an exercise program that is useful for maintaining and improving balance in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, there is a lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of spinal stabilization exercises (SSEs) on improving dynamic balance.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of SSEs on dynamic balance in adults with CLBP.

Study design: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Forty participants with CLBP were assigned randomly into either an SSE group or a general exercise (GE) group, which consisted of flexibility and range-of-motion exercises. Participants attended a total of four to eight supervised physical therapy (PT) sessions and performed their assigned exercises at home in the first four weeks of the eight-week intervention. In the last four weeks, the participants performed their exercises at home with no supervised PT sessions. Participants' dynamic balance was measured using the Y-Balance Test (YBT) and the normalized composite scores, Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire scores were collected at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks.

Results: A significant difference between groups from two weeks to four weeks (p = 0.002) was found, with the SSE group demonstrating higher YBT composite scores than the GE group. However, there were no significant between-group differences from baseline to two weeks (p =0.098), and from four weeks to eight weeks (p = 0.413).

Conclusions: Supervised SSEs were superior to GEs in improving dynamic balance for the first four weeks after initiating intervention in adults with CLBP. However, GEs appeared to have an effect equivalent to that of SSEs after 8-week intervention.

Levels of evidence: 1b.

Keywords: Instability; Lumbar spine; Movement impairment; Postural stability; Supervised exercises.

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Conflict of interest statement

No conflicts of interest were present in this study.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Consort diagram of participants’ screening, enrollment, randomization, and analysis.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Dynamic balance as measured by the Y-Balance Test (YBT) at baseline, and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after intervention was initiated, for both the general exercise (GE) group and the spinal-stabilization exercise (SSE) group.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Pain intensity as measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at baseline, and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after intervention was initiated, for both the general exercise (GE) group and the spinal-stabilization exercise (SSE) group.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Disability level as measured by the Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OSW) at baseline, and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after intervention was initiated, for both the general exercise (GE) group and the spinal-stabilization exercise (SSE) group.
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