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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2023 Jan 30:13:1069954.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1069954. eCollection 2023.

High-fiber diet ameliorates gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood in type 2 diabetes patients

Lihua Chen  1 , Bo Liu  1 , Lixia Ren  1 , Hao Du  2 , Chunhua Fei  2 , Chang Qian  2 , Bin Li  3 , Ruixia Zhang  3 , Haixia Liu  4 , Zongjie Li  1   5 , Zhiyong Ma  5
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

High-fiber diet ameliorates gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood in type 2 diabetes patients

Lihua Chen et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often had the problems of fecal microbiota dysbiosis, and were usually accompanied with psychiatric comorbidities (such as depression and anxiety). Here, we conducted a randomized clinical study to analyze the changes in gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood of patients with T2DM after consumption of a high-fiber diet. The glucose homeostasis of participants with T2DM was improved by the high-fiber diet, and the serum metabolome, systemic inflammation and psychiatric comorbidities were also altered. The increased abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansias revealed that the proportions of beneficial gut microbes were enriched by the high-fiber diet, while the abundances of Desulfovibrio, Klebsiella and other opportunistic pathogens were decreased. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota alterations which were influenced by the high-fiber diet could improve the serum metabolism and emotional mood of patients with T2DM.

Keywords: anxiety; depression; dietary fiber; gut microbiota; serum metabolome; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author HL is employed by Sino-science Yikang Beijing Biotech Co., Ltd. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A high-fiber diet improved the glucose homeostasis in participants with T2DM. Changes in fasting blood glucose (A), the percentage of HbA1c (B), serum insulin (C), and C-peptides (D) of the participants during the intervention were shown. The symbols * indicates p< 0.05, symbols*** indicates p< 0.001, ns indicates no significant difference.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The serum levels of inflammatory chemokines in participants with T2DM altered by the high-fiber diet intake. Expressions of serum levels of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), TNF-α (C) and MCP-1 (D) in participants during the intervention were shown. The symbols * indicates p< 0.05, symbols*** indicates p< 0.001, ns indicates no significant difference.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Analysis of the mood symptoms. HAMA scores (A) and HAMD (B) scores were significantly decreased after the dietary intervention. The symbols * indicates p< 0.05, ns indicates no significant difference.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The diversities of gut microbiota before and after the high-fiber diet consumption were analyzed, and the CS and CE groups revealed the start and end phases in the control group, while the TS and TE groups revealed the start and end phases in the treatment group. The rarefaction curves (A), rank abundance curves (B), and Venn diagram (C) indicated the alpha diversity of gut microbiota, and the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed the beta diversity (D).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The bacterial communities at the phylum levels (A) and the genus levels (B). Less than 1% abundance of the phyla or genra were merged into others.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Heatmap of hierarchy cluster results for the abundance of genus in control group and treatment group. The color of the spots corresponded to the normalized and log-transformed relative abundance of the OTUs. The genus names of the OTUs are shown on the right.
Figure 7
Figure 7
PICRUSt functional prediction was performed using EggNOG database, pathways related to type 2 diabetes were identified and compared.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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