Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jtd-22-1550/coif). AB serves as an unpaid Associate Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Thoracic Disease and is President of ESTS 2022. AB received consulting fees and honoraria for lectures from Astra Zeneca, Roche and Ethicon. HB received honoraria for lectures from Johnson and Johnson, Astra Zeneca, and payment for expert testimony from Johnson and Johnson. DM serves on a steering committee for AstraZeneca and as a consultant for Johnson & Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, and Genentech. IO reports that no real conflicts of interest are related to the work. The following could be perceived as such: Roche (Institutional Grant and Speakers Bureau), AstraZeneca (Advisory Board and Speakers Bureau), MSD (Advisory Board), BMS (Advisory Board), Medtronic (Institutional Grant), Intuitive (Proctorship). KP serves as an unpaid Editorial Board Member of Journal of Thoracic Disease. RHP serves as an unpaid Editorial Board Member of Journal of Thoracic Disease and is a member of the advisory board for AstraZeneca, Roche, MSD. RHP received speaker fee from Medtronic, AMBU, Medela, AstraZeneca. JR reports that she is involved with a number of lung cancer groups, charities and organisations in UK and Europe, as a patient partner in research/public patient partner voice. She holds no leadership roles e.g., Chair. The Patient public voice role is an equal member in the duties and responsibilities of those committees. All have policies of reimbursing travel/accommodation to ensure that nobody is left out of pocket by taking part in research. Some offer honoraria. Very few meetings have taken place in person during the pandemic in person therefore travel reimbursement has been minimal. Her CCG role was a fiduciary role as an equal member of the board. As an independent, she is repaid as an individual. GR received royalties from Scanlan International and he is a member of the advisory board for AstraZeneca. BMS received grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, and consulting fees from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche-Genentech, Arcus Biosciences, Galvanize Therapeutics, Medtronic. BMS is the inventor of patents TARGETING ART1 FOR CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY (Patent Application Serial No. 63/307,502, filed February 7, 2022). BMS is a member of the Steering Committee for Medtronic for Medtronic, Data Safety Monitoring Board for Galvanize Therapeutics, Trial Steering Committee/Data Monitoring and Ethics Committee for RAMON study, Scientific Advisory Board for LUNGevity, Board and Vice Chair for Lung Cancer Research Foundation. BMS’s spouse receives personal fees for salary from Xalud Therapeutics and owns stock, and options in Xalud Therapeutics, and stock in Pfizer. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.