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. 2023 Apr;182(4):1839-1845.
doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-04866-9. Epub 2023 Feb 16.

A novel echocardiography method to assess upper body systemic blood flow in preterm infants and comparison with superior vena cava flow measurement

Federico Schena  1 , Rossella Iannotta  2 , Vito D'Andrea  3 , Gaia Francescato  4 , Alessandra Mayer  4 , Giuseppina Mancini  2 , Giorgia Prontera  2 , Fabio Mosca  4   5 , Gianni Vento  2
Affiliations

A novel echocardiography method to assess upper body systemic blood flow in preterm infants and comparison with superior vena cava flow measurement

Federico Schena et al. Eur J Pediatr. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

To evaluate feasibility, reproducibility, and prognostic value of a new echocardiographic method to assess systemic arterial blood flow directed to the upper part of the body (UBAF, upper body arterial flow) alternative to superior vena cava flow (SVCF) measurement. We performed echocardiographic evaluations in 106 infants in the first 2 days of life to obtain SVCF, left ventricle output (LVO), UBAF, and standard parameters of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) significance. UBAF was calculated by subtracting from LVO the aortic arch blood flow measured immediately distally to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Main outcome measures: UBAF and SVCF agreement was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis in terms of bias, limits of agreement and repeatability index. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was used to measure the strength of inter-rater agreement. The agreement between UBAF and SVCF was high. The Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) was 0.7434. (CCC 0.7434, 95% C.I. [0.656, 0.8111]). There was a good absolute agreement between the two raters ICC = 0.747; p value < 0.0001; 95%CI [0.601; 0.845]. Adjusting for confounding factors (BW, GA, PDA) included in the model, there was a statistically significant relationship between UBAF and SVCF.

Conclusion: UBAF showed a strong agreement with the SCVF with a better reproducibility. Our data support UBAF as a potentially useful marker of cerebral perfusion in the evaluation of preterm infants.

What is known: • Low SVC (superior vena cava) flow in the neonatal period has been associated with periventricular haemorrhage and unfavourable long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. • Ultrasound measurement of flow in SVC shows relatively high inter-operator variability.

What is new: • Our study highlights how much overlap there is between upper-body arterial flow (UBAF) measurement and SCV flow measurement. UBAF is easier to perform and has a strong correlation with better reproducibility. • UBAF may replace measurement of cava flow as a method for haemodynamic monitoring of unstable preterm and asphyxiated infants.

Keywords: Neonatal hemodynamic; Preterm infants; Superior vena cava flow.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flows in ascending (A) and descending (B) aorta measured by US
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
STARD diagram to report flow of participants through the study
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Bland–Altman analysis: graph with Loess regression. Bias: − 2.717, 95% C.I. [− 2.323; 7.757]; LowLoA − 54.611, 95% C.I. [− 63.352, − 45.869]; UpperLoA 49.177, 95% C.I. [40.43544; 57.91871]
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