Evaluation of a Hospitalized Pediatric COVID-19 Cohort from Indian National Clinical Registry of COVID-19

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with mortality of a multicentric cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 0-18 y old, from 42 centers across India.

Methods: The National Clinical Registry for COVID-19 (NCRC) is an on-going prospective data collection platform enrolling COVID-19 patients diagnosed by real-time PCR or rapid antigen test. The data are collected in prestructured e-capture forms. The sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and hospital outcome data from 1^st September 2020 to 20^th February 2022 were analyzed.

Results: Of the 1244 enrolled hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged 0-18 y, 98 and 124 were infants and neonates, respectively. Only 68.6% children were symptomatic at admission, with fever being the most common symptom. Diarrhea, rash, and neurological symptoms were also noted. At least 1 comorbidity was present in 260 (21%) children. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.2% (n = 67), the highest in infants (12.5%). Altered sensorium (aOR: 6.8, CI: 1.9, 24.6), WHO ordinal scale ≥ 4 at admission (aOR: 19.6, CI: 8.0, 47.8), and malignancy (aOR: 8.9, 95% CI: 2.4, 32.3) were associated with higher odds of death. Malnutrition did not affect the outcome. Mortality rates were similar across the three waves of the pandemic, though a significant shift towards the under-five group was observed in the third wave.

Conclusion: This multicentric cohort of admitted Indian children showed that the COVID-19 was milder in children than adults, and the pattern was consistent across all waves of the pandemic.

Keywords: Admitted; Children; Infants; Neonates; Outcome; SARS-CoV-2.

Fig. 1

Treatment profile among patients aged 0–18 y enrolled in the NCRC, n = 1244. Values are expressed in percentages