Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2023 Feb 16;18(2):e0281816.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281816. eCollection 2023.

A comparison of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacles, atropine, and combined DIMS/atropine

Paolo Nucci  1 , Andrea Lembo  2 , Irene Schiavetti  3 , Rakhee Shah  4   5 , David Francis Edgar  4   5 , Bruce John William Evans  4   5
Affiliations
Observational Study

A comparison of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacles, atropine, and combined DIMS/atropine

Paolo Nucci et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a myopia control spectacle lens (DIMS) at slowing the progression of myopia in a population of European children in comparison with 0.01% atropine and combined DIMS and atropine.

Methods: The study was a non-randomised experimenter-masked prospective controlled observational study of individuals aged 6-18 years with progressing myopia but no ocular pathology. Participants were allocated, according to patient/parent choice, to receive 0.01% atropine eyedrops, DIMS (Hoya® MiyoSmart®) spectacles, combined atropine+DIMS or single vision spectacle lenses (control group). The key outcome variables, cycloplegic autorefraction spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL), were measured at baseline and after three, six, and 12 months.

Results: Of the 146 participants (mean age 10.3y ±3.2), 53 received atropine, 30 DIMS spectacles, 31 atropine+DIMS, and 32 single vision control spectacles. Generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed for SER, whilst controlling for age and SER at baseline, at each stage all treatment groups had significantly reduced progression compared with the control group (p<0.016). For AL, whilst controlling for baseline age and AL, at 6 and 12 months all treatment groups had significantly less progression than the control group (p<0.005). For SER only, in pairwise comparisons at 12 months the atropine+DIMS group had significantly reduced progression compared with the DIMS only and Atropine only groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion: In a European population, DIMS and atropine are effective at reducing myopia progression and axial elongation in progressing myopia and are most successful at reducing myopia progression when used in combination.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

PN has received honoraria from Hoya for lecturing, Hoya and Thea for attending meetings, and support from ANFAO. BE has received research funding, consultancy, and lecturing fees from Hoya. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Model-adjusted mean and SE of myopia progression (SER) from baseline to 12 months.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Model-adjusted mean and SE of change in axial length from baseline to 12 months.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Williams KM, Verhoeven VJ, Cumberland P, Bertelsen G, Wolfram C, Buitendijk GH, et al.. Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015;30(4):305–15. Epub 2015/03/18. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0010-0 ; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4385146. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, Jong M, Naidoo KS, Sankaridurg P, et al.. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036–42. Epub 2016/02/11. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Verhoeven VJ, Buitendijk GH, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, et al.. Education influences the role of genetics in myopia. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(12):973–80. Epub 2013/10/19. doi: 10.1007/s10654-013-9856-1 ; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3898347. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hysi PG, Choquet H, Khawaja AP, Wojciechowski R, Tedja MS, Yin J, et al.. Meta-analysis of 542,934 subjects of European ancestry identifies new genes and mechanisms predisposing to refractive error and myopia. Nat Genet. 2020;52(4):401–7. Epub 2020/03/30. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0599-0 ; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7145443. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Saw SM, Gazzard G, Shih-Yen EC, Chua WH. Myopia and associated pathological complications. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2005;25(5):381–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00298.x . - DOI - PubMed

Publication types