Cancer mortality in 2020 and its trend analysis in Inner Mongolia during four time periods from 1973 to 2020

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in China and is responsible for placing a major burden on its economic system. Inner Mongolia is located close to the northern border of China and spans more than 2,400 km from east to west. It has a total area of 1,183,000 km², which accounts for about one-third of the total area of the country. Its ethnic demographics are complex and unique. We were interested in understanding whether these situations lead to a higher mortality rate for certain types of cancer, which was the motivation behind our research. This study aims to estimate cancer mortality in Inner Mongolia, its burden, and its trend over a 60-year time span. We compiled data pertaining to cancer in Inner Mongolia, obtained from the three national causes of death sample surveys. In addition, we obtained data pertaining to cancer mortality rates from the cause of death surveillance system in Inner Mongolia in the year 2020. The proportion of deaths from various cancers, crude mortality rates, and standardized mortality rates were calculated. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to calculate mortality trends and the periodic percentage change (PPC) in these rates. We found that the mortality rate of cancer was 142.15/10⁵; the age-standardized mortality rate using the Chinese standard population in 2000 (ASMRC) and Segi's world population (ASMRW) were 86.49/10⁵ and 85.73/10⁵ in 2020, respectively. From 1973 to 2020, during the four time periods, the leading five cancer types contributing to the mortality rate among Inner Mongolia residents in 2020 were stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, cervix/uterine cancer, and lung cancer. The four periods of time PYLL ‰ were 9.05‰, 10.79‰, 12.1‰, and 10.38‰ from 1973 to 2020. The overall trend of the crude mortality rate of cancer in Inner Mongolia from 1973 to 2020 increased (PPC =1.77%, P<0.05). Also, the crude mortality rate and ASMRC were higher in men than in women (P<0.05). The mortality rates of cancer in Inner Mongolia increased with age ie first time period and in 2020 for ages 10 to 84. The same trend was observed for ages 0 and 74 in the second and the third time periods. Overall, in 2020, the CMR and the ASMRW in Inner Mongolia were lower than the national level and significantly lower than those in other domestic Chinese provinces. Lung cancer was the most reported cancer. Cancers from the first to seventh place ranking were consistent with the national ranking in 2020. The overall crude mortality rate of cancer in Inner Mongolia during the four periods revealed an increasing trend, and liver cancer-related mortality also showed an upward trend during the four periods. The findings may provide baseline data for cancer research.

Keywords: APC; Inner Mongolia; cancer; mortality rate; trend.

Figure 1

The top 10 cancer rank during the four periods in Inner Mongolia.

Figure 2

The top 10 cancer rank in male during the four periods in Inner Mongolia.

Figure 3

The top 10 cancer rank in female during the four periods in Inner Mongolia.

Figure 4

Mortality of cancers in Inner Mongolia, four times in the period of 1973–2020, Chi-square values of crude mortality between different sexes in the four period were 279.201, 346.055, 292.948, and 1,748.216, respectively; Chi-square values of ASMRC between different sexes were 1,393,0071.440, 1,779,283.759, 1,846,753.674, and 11,412,456.166, respectively; Chi-square values of the PYLL‰ between different sexes were 826.471, 3,430.695, 1,952.916, and 14,262.834, respectively. All P-values were less than 0.05.

Figure 5

Age-specific mortality rates and trends of cancer, trends of Chi-square of the first time, the second time, the third time, and 2020 were 47,628.486, 5,696.633, 6,482.973, and 0957.890, respectively. All P-values were less than 0.05.

Figure 6

Age-specific mortality rates and trends in male, trends of Chi-square of the 1970s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and 2020 were 28,189.370, 3,971.809, 4,486.643, and 27,102.434, respectively. All P-values were less than 0.05.

Figure 7

Age-specific mortality rates of cancer during four periods in female, trends of Chi-square of the 1970s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and 2002 were 19,043.474, 1,633.955, 2,013.222, and 14,508.884, respectively. All P-values were less than 0.05.