Incidence and predictors of women's place of delivery among pregnant women who received antenatal care in Southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: Home delivery is responsible for a high number of maternal and newborn deaths due to the occurrence of obstetric complications during labour and delivery. Little is known about the incidence and predictors of women's place of delivery after utilizing antenatal care services in Ethiopia and the study area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to fill those gaps in the studies mentioned above by determining the incidence and predictors of women's place of delivery.

Methods: An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in public hospitals of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia between May 1 and October 30, 2021. A total of 390 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Gedeo zone public hospitals were enrolled using a systematic random sampling technique and followed up to delivery. Data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. For both bivariate and multivariable analyses, a poison regression model was used to identify the association between the dependent and independent variables. A statistical significance level was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.

Results: In this study, the overall incidence of home delivery and institutional delivery among pregnant women was 37.4% (95% CI: (32.5, 41.9)) and 62.6% (95% CI: 58.1, 67.5)) respectively. Distance from home to nearest health facility(ARR = 1.17:95%:CI (1.01,1.36), poor quality of antenatal care service(ARR = 1.40;95%:CI (1.10,1.79), no formal maternal education(ARR = 1.49;95%:CI (1.21,1.83), previous home delivery history(ARR = 1.38;95%:CI(1.22,1.56), unplanned pregnancy(ARR = 1.23;95%:CI (1.10,1.37) and history of pregnancy-related complication at health facility(ARR = 1.16;95%:CI(1.02,1.33) were predictors of home delivery.

Conclusions: The study indicated a high incidence of home birth after utilizing antenatal care services. As a result, interventions targeting those identified factors during antenatal care services are critical to reducing home births.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Incidence; antenatal care; place of delivery; predictors.