Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Dec;192(6):3039-3042.
doi: 10.1007/s11845-023-03309-6. Epub 2023 Feb 17.

Safe surgical training: evaluation of a national functional endoscopic sinus surgery model simulation course using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model

Sarah Louise Gillanders  1   2 , Alison McHugh  3   4 , Peter D Lacy  3   5 , Mona Thornton  3   4
Affiliations

Safe surgical training: evaluation of a national functional endoscopic sinus surgery model simulation course using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model

Sarah Louise Gillanders et al. Ir J Med Sci. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Background: Simulation is a rapidly developing field in modern undergraduate skills education and postgraduate surgical training.

Aim: We aim to evaluate simulation training as a tool for higher surgical training in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in which a qualitative survey and multiple-choice questionnaire were distributed to otolaryngology trainees pre- and post-FESS training course using simulation models. Participants' reactions and interpretations of the models were assessed. Pre- and post-simulation knowledge and subjective skills were assessed.

Results: A total of 21 trainees completed the course. Trainees reported simulation models to be accurate representations of human anatomy 95% and easy to use 90%. There was an improvement in anatomical 54 to 62% (Z = 76, p0.03) and procedural 65 to 72% (Z = 87, p0.03) knowledge overall.

Conclusion: Simulation training is an effective method of postgraduate education. This has been particularly useful following reduced operative exposure in the COVID-19 era.

Keywords: Endoscopic; FESS; Simulation; Sinus; Surgery; Training.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The senior author, M. Thornton, was a consultant with Medtronic on model development.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Photograph of navigated simulation training set-up
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Moonesinghe SR, Lowery J, Shahi N, et al. Impact of reduction in working hours for doctors in training on postgraduate medical education and patients’ outcomes: systematic review. BMJ. 2011;342:d1580. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d1580. - DOI - PubMed
    1. de Souza MA, Bento RF, Lopes PT (2022) A three-dimensionally printed otological model for cholesteatoma mastoidectomy training. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol - PubMed
    1. Yoshiyasu Y, Chang DR, Bunegin L, et al. Construct validity of a low-cost medium-fidelity endoscopic sinus surgery simulation model. Laryngoscope. 2019;129(7):1505–1509. doi: 10.1002/lary.27748. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Varshney R, Frenkiel S, Nguyen LH, et al. The McGill simulator for endoscopic sinus surgery (MSESS): a validation study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;43(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s40463-014-0040-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Humm G, Mohan H, Fleming C et al (2022) The impact of virtual reality simulation training on operative performance in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BJS Open 6(4) - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources