. 2023 Mar 31;41(14):2357-2367.

doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.009. Epub 2023 Feb 18.

Vaccinomics: A scoping review

Matthew Z Dudley¹, Jennifer E Gerber², Haley Budigan Ni³, Madeleine Blunt⁴, Taylor A Holroyd⁵, Bruce C Carleton⁶, Gregory A Poland⁷, Daniel A Salmon⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mattdudley@jhu.edu.
² Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Survey Research Division, RTI International, Washington, DC, USA.
³ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Office of Health Equity, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁵ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁶ Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁷ Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁸ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

PMID: 36803903
PMCID: PMC10065969
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.009

Vaccinomics: A scoping review

Matthew Z Dudley et al. Vaccine. 2023.

. 2023 Mar 31;41(14):2357-2367.

doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.009. Epub 2023 Feb 18.

Authors

Matthew Z Dudley¹, Jennifer E Gerber², Haley Budigan Ni³, Madeleine Blunt⁴, Taylor A Holroyd⁵, Bruce C Carleton⁶, Gregory A Poland⁷, Daniel A Salmon⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mattdudley@jhu.edu.
² Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Survey Research Division, RTI International, Washington, DC, USA.
³ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Office of Health Equity, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁵ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁶ Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁷ Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁸ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

PMID: 36803903
PMCID: PMC10065969
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.009

Abstract

Background: This scoping review summarizes a key aspect of vaccinomics by collating known associations between heterogeneity in human genetics and vaccine immunogenicity and safety.

Methods: We searched PubMed for articles in English using terms covering vaccines routinely recommended to the general US population, their effects, and genetics/genomics. Included studies were controlled and demonstrated statistically significant associations with vaccine immunogenicity or safety. Studies of Pandemrix®, an influenza vaccine previously used in Europe, were also included, due to its widely publicized genetically mediated association with narcolepsy.

Findings: Of the 2,300 articles manually screened, 214 were included for data extraction. Six included articles examined genetic influences on vaccine safety; the rest examined vaccine immunogenicity. Hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity was reported in 92 articles and associated with 277 genetic determinants across 117 genes. Thirty-three articles identified 291 genetic determinants across 118 genes associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity, 22 articles identified 311 genetic determinants across 110 genes associated with rubella vaccine immunogenicity, and 25 articles identified 48 genetic determinants across 34 genes associated with influenza vaccine immunogenicity. Other vaccines had fewer than 10 studies each identifying genetic determinants of their immunogenicity. Genetic associations were reported with 4 adverse events following influenza vaccination (narcolepsy, GBS, GCA/PMR, high temperature) and 2 adverse events following measles vaccination (fever, febrile seizure).

Conclusion: This scoping review identified numerous genetic associations with vaccine immunogenicity and several genetic associations with vaccine safety. Most associations were only reported in one study. This illustrates both the potential of and need for investment in vaccinomics. Current research in this field is focused on systems and genetic-based studies designed to identify risk signatures for serious vaccine reactions or diminished vaccine immunogenicity. Such research could bolster our ability to develop safer and more effective vaccines.

Keywords: Genes; Genetics; Genomics; Vaccine immunogenicity; Vaccine safety; Vaccinomics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [Dr. Dudley reports research support from Walgreens and Merck. Dr. Gerber reports support for manuscript revisions from RTI International. Dr. Salmon reports consulting and/or research support from Walgreens, Merck, and Janssen. Dr. Poland is the chair of a Safety Evaluation Committee for novel investigational vaccine trials being conducted by Merck Research Laboratories. Dr. Poland offers consultative advice on vaccine development to Merck & Co., Medicago, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Pasteur, Emergent Biosolutions, Dynavax, Genentech, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Global Services LLC, Kentucky Bioprocessing, and Genevant Sciences, Inc. Dr. Poland holds patents related to vaccinia, influenza, and measles peptide vaccines. Dr. Poland has received grant funding from ICW Ventures for preclinical studies on a peptide-based COVID-19 vaccine. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. All other authors have no disclosures].

Figures

**Figure 1.. Odds of Increased Immunogenicity by Commonly Studied Genetic Determinants**
Based on pooled odds ratios from three meta-analyses: Li et al. 2013 [101], Ou et al. 2021 [102], and Posteraro et al. 2014 [3]. All genetic determinants were associated with Hepatitis B vaccine. The following genetic determinants were also associated with influenza and MMR vaccines: HLA-DRB1*07, HLA-DQA1*0201, HLA-DQB1*0201, HLA-DQB1*0303, HLA-DRB1*13, and HLA-DRB1*13:01.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Ten great public health achievements--United States, 2001-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2011. 60(19): p. 619–23. - PubMed
1. Dudley MZ, et al. , The state of vaccine safety science: systematic reviews of the evidence. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020. 20(5): p. e80–e89. - PubMed
1. Posteraro B, et al. , The link between genetic variation and variability in vaccine responses: systematic review and meta-analyses. Vaccine, 2014. 32(15): p. 1661–9. - PubMed
1. Kennedy RB, et al. , Current Challenges in Vaccinology. Frontiers in immunology, 2020. 11: p. 1181–1181. - PMC - PubMed
1. Poland GA, et al. , Heterogeneity in vaccine immune response: The role of immunogenetics and the emerging field of vaccinomics. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2007. 82(6): p. 653–664. - PubMed

Publication types

Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Substances

Actions
Actions

Grants and funding

RM1 HG009038/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Medical
- MedlinePlus Health Information

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Vaccinomics: A scoping review

Affiliations

Vaccinomics: A scoping review

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical