OS is funded by a Merit Review grant (federal award document number BX005664-01) from the US Department of Veterans Affairs, Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development; is funded by RFA-2203-39314 (principal investigator) and RFA-2203-39305 (co-principal investigator) grants from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society; is a 2021 recipient of a Grant for Multiple Sclerosis Innovation, Merck; serves on the editorial board of Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders; has served on data monitoring committees for Genentech/Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, and TG Therapeutics without monetary compensation; has served on a clinical trial steering committee for EMD Serono without monetary compensation; has advised EMD Serono, Genentech, Genzyme, TG Therapeutics, and VYNE Therapeutics; and received grant support from EMD Serono and Exalys. BT declares no competing interests.