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. 2023 Mar:197:110578.
doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110578. Epub 2023 Feb 16.

Circulating metabolomic and lipidomic changes in subjects with new-onset type 1 diabetes after optimization of glycemic control

Josep Julve  1 , Idoia Genua  2 , Paola Quifer-Rada  3 , Óscar Yanes  4 , Maria Barranco-Altirriba  5 , Marta Hernández  6 , Alexandra Junza  4 , Jordi Capellades  7 , Minerva Granado-Casas  8 , Núria Alonso  9 , Esmeralda Castelblanco  10 , Didac Mauricio  11
Affiliations

Circulating metabolomic and lipidomic changes in subjects with new-onset type 1 diabetes after optimization of glycemic control

Josep Julve et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023 Mar.

Abstract

Aims: To uncover novel candidate metabolomic and lipidomic biomarkers in newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1DM) after achieving optimal glucose control.

Methods: Comprehensive lipidomic and metabolomic analysis was performed in serum of 12 adults with T1DM at onset and after achieving optimal glycemic control (HbA1c < 7 %) (after 2-6 months).

Results: After intensive therapy, subjects (mean age 25.2 years, 58.3 % men) showed decreases in blood glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1c [11.5 % (9.2-13.4) to 6.2 % (5.2 - 6.7); p < 0.001] and changes in 51 identified lipids. Among these changes, we found that triglycerides (TG) containing medium chain fatty acids (TG45:0, TG47:1), sphingomyelins (SM) (SM(d18:2/20:0), SM42:4)), and phosphatidylcholines (PC) (PC(O-26:2), PC(O-30:0), PC(O-32:0), PC(O-42:6), PC(O-44:5), PC(O-38:3), PC(O-33:0), PC(O-46:8), PC(O-44:6), PC(O-40:3), PC(O-42:4), PC(O-46:7), PC(O-46:6), PC(O-44:5), PC(O-42:3), PC(O-44:4)) decreased; whereas PC(35:1), PC(37:1) and TG containing longer chain fatty acids (TG(52:1), TG(55:7), TG(51:2), TG(53:3), TG52:2), TG(53:2), TG(57:3), TG(61:3), TG(61:2) increased. Further, dihydro O-acylceramide (18:1/18:0/16:0), diacylglycerophosphoethanolamine (PE(34:1)), diacylglycerophosphoinositol (PI(38:6), and dihydrosphingomyelins (dihydroSM(36:0), dihydroSM(40:0), dihydroSM(41:0), dihydroSM(42:0)) increased. Uric acid, mannitol, and mannitol-1-acetate levels also increased.

Conclusions: Our data uncovered potential favorable changes in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids in new-onset T1DM after achieving optimal glycemic control. Further research on their potential role in developing diabetes-related complications is needed.

Keywords: Fatty acids; Impaired insulin signaling; Lipid metabolism; Translational research; Type 1 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.