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. 2023 Nov;201(11):5152-5161.
doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03601-7. Epub 2023 Feb 18.

Magnesium Status and Dietary Patterns Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cinthia Fontes da Silva Santos #  1   2 , Beatriz da Cruz Santos #  1   2 , Gabrielli Barbosa de Carvalho  2   3 , Juliana de Souza Oliveira  1   2 , Cynthia Batista Santos  1   2 , Aline Rocha Reis  1   2 , Ramara Kadija Fonseca Santos  1   2 , Paula Nascimento Brandão-Lima  2   3 , Silvânio Silvério Lopes da Costa  4 , Samir Hipólito Dos Santos  5 , Vivianne de Sousa Rocha  6 , Liliane Viana Pires  7   8
Affiliations

Magnesium Status and Dietary Patterns Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cinthia Fontes da Silva Santos et al. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Hypomagnesemia and unhealthy eating patterns are associated with poor glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to associate magnesium status and dietary patterns with glycemic control in T2DM individuals. This cross-sectional study included 147 individuals with T2DM, aged between 19 and 59 years, of both sexes, residents in Sergipe/Brazil. The BMI, waist circumference, %body fat, plasma magnesium, serum glucose, insulin, %HbA1c, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and HDL-c were analyzed. Eating patterns were identified using a 24-h recall method. Logistic regression models were used to verify the association of magnesium status and dietary patterns with markers of glycemic control by adjusting for sex, age, time of T2DM diagnosis, and BMI. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Magnesium deficiency increased the chance of elevated %HbA1c by 5.893-fold (P = 0.041). Three main dietary patterns were identified: mixed (MDP), unhealthy (UDP), and healthy (HDP). UDP also increased the chance of elevated %HbA1c levels (P = 0.034). T2DM individuals' who presented magnesium deficiency had a higher chance of elevated %HbA1c levels (8.312-fold) and those in the lowest quartile (Q) of the UDP (Q1: P = 0.007; Q2: P = 0.043) had a lower chance of elevated %HbA1c levels. However, the lower quartiles of the HDP were associated with a greater chance of alterations in the %HbA1c level (Q1: P = 0.050; Q2: P = 0.044). No association was observed between MDP and the variables studied. Magnesium deficiency and UDP were associated with a higher chance of inadequate glycemic control in T2DM individuals.

Keywords: Dietary pattern; Magnesium; Metabolic control; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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