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Review
. 2023:196:43-57.
doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.004. Epub 2022 Oct 20.

Internalization of somatostatin receptors in brain and periphery

Affiliations
Review

Internalization of somatostatin receptors in brain and periphery

Zsolt Csaba et al. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2023.

Abstract

Somatostatin (SRIF) is a neuropeptide that acts as an important regulator of both endocrine and exocrine secretion and modulates neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). SRIF also regulates cell proliferation in normal tissues and tumors. The physiological actions of SRIF are mediated by a family of five G protein-coupled receptors, called somatostatin receptor (SST) SST1, SST2, SST3, SST4, SST5. These five receptors share similar molecular structure and signaling pathways but they display marked differences in their anatomical distribution, subcellular localization and intracellular trafficking. The SST subtypes are widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral nervous system, in many endocrine glands and tumors, particularly of neuroendocrine origin. In this review, we focus on the agonist-dependent internalization and recycling of the different SST subtypes in vivo in the CNS, peripheral organs and tumors. We also discuss the physiological, pathophysiological and potential therapeutic effects of the intracellular trafficking of SST subtypes.

Keywords: Central nervous system; Enteric nervous system; GPCRs; Neuroendocrine tumors; Neuronal cilia; Somatostatin; Trans-Golgi network; β-Arrestins.

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