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. 2023 Feb 22;23(1):44.
doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02678-7.

The global, regional, and national burden of appendicitis in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Linjing Guan #  1 , Zhen Liu #  2 , Guangdong Pan  2 , Bulin Zhang  1 , Yongrong Wu  2 , Tao Gan #  3 , Guoqing Ouyang #  4
Affiliations

The global, regional, and national burden of appendicitis in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Linjing Guan et al. BMC Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Background: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide, and its burden has been changing. We report the level and trends of appendicitis prevalence, and incidence; and years lived with disability (YLD) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019, based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.

Methods: The numbers and age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and YLD rates per 100,000 population of appendicitis were estimated across regions and countries by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). All the estimates were reported with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

Results: Globally, the age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates of appendicitis in 2019 were 8.7 (95% UI 6.9 to 11.0) and 229.9 (95% UI 180.9 to 291.0) per 100,000 population, with increases of 20.8% (95% UI 18.9 to 23.0%) and 20.5% (95% UI 18.7 to 22.8%) from 1990 to 2019, respectively. Additionally, the age-standardized YLDs rate was 2.7 (95% UI 1.8 to 3.9) in 2019, with an increase of 20.4% (95% UI 16.2 to 25.1%) from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and YLD rates peaked in the 15-to-19-year age groups in both male and female individuals. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the male and female individuals in all groups. Ethiopia, India, and Nigeria showed the largest increases in the age-standardized prevalence rate between 1990 and 2019. Generally, positive associations were found between the age-standardized YLD rates and SDI at the regional and national levels.

Conclusions: Appendicitis remains a major public health challenge globally. Increasing awareness of appendicitis and its risk factors and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is warranted to reduce its the burden.

Keywords: Appendicitis; Global Burden of Disease; Incidence; Prevalence; Years lived with disability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The age-standardized prevalence (A) and incidence (B) rate of appendicitis in 2019 for 21 GBD region, by sex
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The global age-standardized prevalence (A) and incidence (B) rate of appendicitis per 100,000 population in 2019, by country and territory
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Global number and rates of prevalence for appendicitis per 100,000 population by age and sex, 2019. Shading indicates the 95% UIs for the prevalent rate
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Age-standardized YLDs rates of appendicitis in 21 GBD regions by SDI, 1990–2019. Expected values based on Socio-demographic Index and disease rates in all locations are shown as the black line. YLDs, years lived with disability. GBD, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. SDI, Sociodemographic Index
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Age-standardized YLDs rates of appendicitis by 204 countries and territories and SDI, 2019. Expected values based on Socio-demographic Index and disease rates in all locations are shown as the black line. YLDs, years lived with disability. SDI, Sociodemographic Index
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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