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Review
. 2023 Feb 3:14:1084636.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084636. eCollection 2023.

The markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages related to metabolic disorders

Quxing Wei  1   2   3   4 , Yanyue Deng  1   2   3   4 , Qianqian Yang  1   2   3   4 , Angyu Zhan  1   2   3   4 , Lexun Wang  1   2   3   4
Affiliations
Review

The markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages related to metabolic disorders

Quxing Wei et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Macrophages have a wide variety of roles in physiological and pathological conditions, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets in diseases, especially metabolic disorders, which have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Owing to their heterogeneity and polarization, the phenotypes and functions of macrophages related to metabolic disorders are diverse and complicated. In the past three decades, the rapid progress of macrophage research has benefited from the emergence of specific molecular markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages and elucidate their role in metabolic disorders. In this review, we analyze the functions and applications of commonly used and novel markers of macrophages related to metabolic disorders, facilitating the better use of these macrophage markers in metabolic disorder research.

Keywords: cell marker; macrophage; metabolic disease; metabolic disorders; molecular marker.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic molecular structure and location of classical and novel markers of the macrophages. These markers of macrophages can be roughly divided into two categories by their location: cell surface markers and intracellular markers. F4/80, CCR2, CD169, CX3CR1, CD206, CD163, Lyve1, CD9, TREM2, and MHCII are macrophage markers located on the cell membrane. Moreover, CD68, iNOS, Arg-1, and Gal-3 are macrophage markers located inside the cell. All schematics of markers are based on their two-dimensional molecular structure.
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