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. 2023 Feb 2:17:1126262.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1126262. eCollection 2023.

Exploration of static functional connectivity and dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the primary visual cortex among patients with high myopia via seed-based functional connectivity analysis

Yu Ji  1 , Shui-Qin Huang  1 , Qi Cheng  1 , Wen-Wen Fu  1 , Pei-Pei Zhong  1 , Xiao-Lin Chen  1 , Ben-Liang Shu  1 , Bin Wei  1 , Qin-Yi Huang  1 , Xiao-Rong Wu  1
Affiliations

Exploration of static functional connectivity and dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the primary visual cortex among patients with high myopia via seed-based functional connectivity analysis

Yu Ji et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to explore differences in static functional connectivity (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) alteration patterns in the primary visual area (V1) among high myopia (HM) patients and healthy controls (HCs) via seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis.

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were performed on 82 HM patients and 59 HCs who were closely matched for age, sex, and weight. Seed-based FC analysis was performed to identify alterations in the sFC and dFC patterns of the V1 in HM patients and HCs. Associations between mean sFC and dFC signal values and clinical symptoms in distinct brain areas among HM patients were identified via correlation analysis. Static and dynamic changes in brain activity in HM patients were investigated by assessments of sFC and dFC via calculation of the total time series mean and sliding-window analysis.

Results: In the left anterior cingulate gyrus (L-ACG)/left superior parietal gyrus (L-SPG) and left V1, sFC values were significantly greater in HM patients than in HCs. In the L-ACG and right V1, sFC values were also significantly greater in HM patients than in HCs [two-tailed, voxel-level P < 0.01, Gaussian random field (GRF) correction, cluster-level P < 0.05]. In the left calcarine cortex (L-CAL) and left V1, dFC values were significantly lower in HM patients than in HCs. In the right lingual gyrus (R-LING) and right V1, dFC values were also significantly lower in HM patients than in HCs (two-tailed, voxel-level P < 0.01, GRF correction, cluster-level P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with HM exhibited significantly disturbed FC between the V1 and various brain regions, including L-ACG, L-SPG, L-CAL, and R-LING. This disturbance suggests that patients with HM could exhibit impaired cognitive and emotional processing functions, top-down control of visual attention, and visual information processing functions. HM patients and HCs could be distinguished from each other with high accuracy using sFC and dFC variabilities. These findings may help to identify the neural mechanism of decreased visual performance in HM patients.

Keywords: brain function; brain region; dynamic functional connectivity; high myopia; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; seed-based functional connectivity analysis; static functional connectivity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Spatial of distributions of sFC patterns of the left V1 in HM patients and HCs. (A) Mean sFC values of left V1 in HM group; (B) mean sFC values of left V1 in HC group; (C) different sFC values of left V1 between two groups and (D) significant zsFC maps of left V1 differences among two groups. HCs, healthy controls; HM, high myopia; sFC, static functional connectivity; zsFC, z-values static functional connectivity; L, left; R, right.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Spatial of distributions of sFC patterns of the right V1 in HM patients and HCs. (A) Mean sFC values of right V1 in HM group; (B) mean sFC values of right V1 in HC group; (C) different sFC values of right V1 between two groups and (D) significant zsFC maps of right V1 differences among two groups. HCs, healthy controls; HM, high myopia; sFC, static functional connectivity; zsFC, z-values static functional connectivity; L, left; R, right.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Spatial of distributions of dFC patterns of the left V1 in HM patients and HCs. (A) Mean dFC values of left V1 in HM group; (B) mean dFC values of left V1 in HC group; (C) different dFC values of left V1 between two groups and (D) significant zdFC maps of left V1 differences among two groups. HCs, healthy controls; HM, high myopia; sFC, static functional connectivity; zdFC, z-values dynamic functional connectivity; L, left; R, right.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Spatial of distributions of dFC patterns of the right V1 in HM patients and HCs. (A) Mean dFC values of right V1 in HM group; (B) mean dFC values of right V1 in HC group; (C) different dFC values of right V1 between two groups and (D) significant zdFC maps of right V1 differences among two groups. HCs, healthy controls; HM, high myopia; sFC, static functional connectivity; zdFC, z-values dynamic functional connectivity; L, left; R, right.
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