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. 2023 Feb 2:10:1078306.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1078306. eCollection 2023.

Effect of indoor house dust mite concentration on canine atopic dermatitis

Jihee Kim  1 , Ji-Hye Lee  1   2 , Yunji Song  1   2 , Ha-Jung Kim  1   2
Affiliations

Effect of indoor house dust mite concentration on canine atopic dermatitis

Jihee Kim et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: House dust mites (HDM) are regarded as essential environmental allergens not only in human, but also in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), however, there are only a few studies on the influence of indoor HDM concentration on the disease.

Methods: Our study analyzed the correlation between the indoor HDM concentration, the severity of CAD, and the residential environments in client-owned 35 AD and 13 healthy dogs. We measured the extent of CAD and severity index-04 (CADESI-04), pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS), and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indoor relative humidity (RH) and analyzed the residential environment questionnaires to evaluate AD severity.

Results: The Der f 1 concentration had an inverse association with TEWL, and no association with CADESI-04 and PVAS. The Der f 1 concentration was significantly high in the group living near the green area and 40% or higher RH.

Discussion: Our results suggest two possibilities: (1) Living around green areas and maintaining an appropriate indoor climate may help to improve CAD clinical symptoms. (2) The HDM may contain endotoxin and when present in high concentrations in CAD, they play a preventive role by enhancing the skin barrier function. Further studies with a larger number of dogs may help further elucidate an association between CAD and Der f 1.

Keywords: atopic dermatitis; dog; environment; house dust mites; transepidermal water loss.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Residential environmental survey results of CAD (n = 35) and control groups (n = 13). (A) Housing type, (B) surrounding environment, (C) daily ventilation times, and (D) whether they moved recently.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of indoor Der f 1 concentration between CAD and control groups. It was higher in CAD without statistical significance (CAD; 1.472 ± 2.04 μg/g; n = 35, control; 1.014 ± 1.342 μg/g; n = 13, P = 0.4).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Graphs showing differences in Der f 1 concentration according to answers of the survey for the 48 dogs (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). (A) Housing type, (B) surrounding environment, (C) daily ventilation times, and (D) whether they moved recently.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of the Der f 1 concentration between high RH group (>40%) and low RH group (<40%). The Der f 1 concentration was significantly high in the high RH group (high RH (n = 26): 1.305 ± 1.713 μg/g, low RH (n = 11): 0.3534 ± 0.536 μg/g, *P = 0.0349).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The graph of the correlation Der f 1 with (A) CADESI-04, (B) PVAS, and (C) TEWL in CAD group (n = 35). TEWL (r = −0.3424, *P = 0.02) in the CAD group showed a moderately negative correlation with statistical significance.
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